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Preparation and characterization of cosmetic emulsion with addition of active compounds
Zinkovska, Natalia ; Smilková, Marcela (referee) ; Smilek, Jiří (advisor)
In the theoretical part, this bachelor’s thesis focuses on the overview of the basic characteristics and properties of the emulsion. Great attention is paid to choosing the type of emulsifier and the calculation hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. The mechanisms andcauses of instability of emulsions and their possible prevention and methods of stabilization are analyzed. The present state of the problem aimed to the analysis of existing methods for determination of emulsion stability and their use in practice is also part of this thesis. The experimental part of the work is primarily focused on the preparation of O/W cosmetic emulsions with additive of active substances such as UV absorbers. To characterize the prepared samples, pH values were measured and viscosities determined. The stability of the emulsion was carried out using an analytical centrifuge, and these results were further correlated with the standard gravitational stability tests (change of storage temperature of the formulation) according to the SÚKL methodical guidelines (REG-49, REG 51), which are the Czech version of the 75/318 /: Stability tests on active ingredients and finished products. Methods of preparation and composition of individual samples are described, which is further correlated with the stated characteristics of prepared creams.
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Preparation and application of nanoparticles and nanofibres with natural UV filters
Plachá, Monika ; Skoumalová, Petra (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis is focused on preparation of nanoparticles and nanofibres with natural UV filters. Liposomes with encapsulated aqueous, ethanol and lipid extracts were prepared. Nanofibers from PHB containing lipid extract were prepared too. As a part of this work, an overview of natural sources with potential effects as UV filters were introduced. Moreover, nanoparticles and nanofibers and methods of their characterization were described. Size, polydisperse index and colloid stability of prepared nanoparticles were characterized via DLS. In experimental part aqueous, ethanol and lipid extracts were prepared from roasted coffee, green coffee and cascara. These extracts were spectrophotometrically characterized for the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, tannins and their SPF. Liposomes and liposomes containing PHB with these extracts were prepared and the encapsulation effectivity, short–term and long–term stability as well as SPF of nanoparticles were determined. Nanofibers from PHB containing lipid extracts were prepared via electrospinning and forcespinning methods. Prepared nanofibers were examined via FTIR–ATR. Antioxidant activity, short–term and long–term stability were determined spectrophotometrically. From selected nanoparticles, emulsions and gels were prepared and their SPF was also determined. Three types of emulsions with the best SPF were selected and tested on volunteers. Sedimentation stability of emulsions was tested by analytical centrifuge. Finally, cytotoxicity of selected nanoparticles and nanofibers was tested via MTT assay using human keratinocytes.
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Preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filtres
Pavelková, Renata ; Čarnecká, Martina (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This presented diploma thesis is focuses on preparation and characterization of biomaterials with natural UV filters. The theoretical part is aimed at effects of sunlight on the skin and how to avoid these effects by using cosmetic products. The materials and methods for extraction of lipid part of the selected vegetable and microorganism species and methods for preparation and characterization of nanoparticles and emulsions were characterized. The practical part deals with extraction of lipid part of selected vegetable and microorganism species. The liposome particles with encapsulated active compounds were prepared. The particle size, polydispersity index, colloidal stability, encapsulation efficiency, SPF, antioxidant capacity, phospholipid content and cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes were observed. These particles were used for preparation of the resulting emulsions. Their protection level on UV light were set and stability were tested by using analytical centrifugation.
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Application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics
Pavelková, Renata ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis is focused on application of nanoparticles and nanofibers with active compound in cosmetics. The theoretical part is aimed at effect of UV radiation on the skin and compounds that are used in photo protection of the skin. The materials and methods used in nanoparticle and nanofiber preparing were characterized. The experimental part deals with preparing of liposomes and marinosomes with active compound. Particles size, stability measured using zeta potential and stability in model environment were observed. Finally, pilot experiments of optimization of nanofibers preparation using electrospinning were carried out.
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The preparation of stable nature BB creams and determination of its properties
Marčanová, Milada ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Hurčíková, Andrea (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was create a natural BB cream that, in addition to sufficient hydration, would protect the skin from sunlight, unify its colour tone and at the same time sufficiently cover any imperfections. After proposition a suitable recipe, it was necessary to determine the stability of the prepared BB creams. The stability was evaluated by comparing the results from the dispersion analyser LUMiSizer at various temperatures and current load tests in an oven. The pseudoplastic properties were confirmed by the rheology characterization of the flow properties, which makes the BB cream a continuous layer on the skin after it is spread. In order to protect against sunlight, it was necessary to determine the SPF and measure the colour shades of the prepared BB creams for comparison with commercially available preparations.
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Optical properties of protective emulsions
Valasová, Denisa ; Veselý, Michal (referee) ; Zmeškal, Oldřich (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis is aimed to the study of optical properties of protective commercially available emulsions. Chosen emulsions should be responsible for sun protection. They also may be used in cosmetic industry. In the beginning of the thesis, there are defined theoretical features of emulsions and their interaction with UV radiation. Methods which are used to describe optical properties could be found in this section too. The optical properties were measured in thin layer films, in order to simulate emulsions applied on the human skin. UV-VIS spectrophotometry was mainly used to study the optical properties. The obtained results could serve, purely hypothetically, like sun protective tests of chosen emulsions.
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Development of organic UV filtres based on natural extracts
Káčeríková, Martina ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the development of organic UV filters. Organic UV filters were extracted from natural resources and encapsulated into nanomaterial-like delivery systems such as liposomes and nanofibres. SPF of particular extracts and carriers with encapsulated extracts were measured. All of the prepared extracts as well as carriers were characterised for their content of natural substances like phenolic compounds and their antioxidant acitvity, stability, cytotoxicity, micriobial acitivity and their safety were studied too. All of the prepared materials were evaluated as suitable for use in comestic industry. However, in a future, it would be appropriate to add to the study other experimental methods to increase the active substances and at the same time increase the SPF protection factor.
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Zjišťování potenciálu chemických látek používaných k ochraně proti ultrafialovému záření (UV filtrů) způsobovat anti-progestagenní aktivitu ve vodním prostředí
SMĚŠNÁ, Tereza
The substances used for protection against UV radiation (UV filters) are widely used in industry and also in personal care products. It has been reported from many countries around the world that they enter the aquatic environment. The presence of UV filters in surface waters can pose a risk to aquatic organisms. The aim of this thesis was to test a range of substances from the group of UV filters for anti-progestagenic activity, detect this activity in the aquatic environment, detect UV filters in the aquatic environment, and based on this information, evaluate the potential of organic UV filters to cause anti-progestagenic activity in the aquatic environment. In this thesis, 20 organic UV filters were tested with in vitro bioassay anti-PR-CALUX. In this bioassay cells were exposed to pure substances (UV filters) and reference substance mifepristone. Samples were taken by grab (active) sampling from wastewater treatment plant in Tábor and from surface waters (outdoor swimming pools and Lužnice River). Samples were extracted using solid phase extraction. These extracts from waste and surface waters were tested for progestagenic and anti-progestagenic activity with the (anti-)PR-CALUX bioassay and the concentrations of UV filters were measured using mass spectrometry in the extracts. Samples were also tested for cytotoxicity with the resazurin reduction assay. Nine organic UV filters have shown anti-progestagenic activity, but compared to the reference substance, the activities exhibited by UV filters were several orders of magnitude lower. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, and octocrylene were the most potent anti-progestagens. Progestagenic activity was not found at any of the sites. Anti-progestagenic activity was found in 60% of the environmental extracts, and the concentrations ranged from 2.6 to 4.5 ng/L equivalents of mifepristone. Anti-progestagenic activity was detected in the influent of wastewater into the treatment plant, in the recipient of the Lužnice River, and in ponds used for fish farming and also as outdoor swimming pools, namely the Podroužek and Štilec ponds. Thirteen organic UV filters were identified by chemical analysis at the tested sites. The UV filters octocrylene and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate were found in the highest concentrations, these two UV filters contributed the most to the overall anti-progestagenic activity. At the wastewater treatment plant influent, UV filters contributed 49% to the total anti-progestagenic activity. In the recipient of the Lužnice River and outdoor swimming pools, the contribution of UV filters to this activity was very small, which means that this activity in surface waters will be caused by the occurrence of other substances than in wastewater. In ponds, it can be assumed that wastewater treatment plants will not be the source of these substances. Further research should be aimed at detecting the impact of the occurrence of organic UV filters in the aquatic environment on organisms, but also at identifying substances causing anti-progestagenic activity in the aquatic environment.
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Development of organic UV filtres based on natural extracts
Káčeríková, Martina ; Kovalčík, Adriána (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the development of organic UV filters. Organic UV filters were extracted from natural resources and encapsulated into nanomaterial-like delivery systems such as liposomes and nanofibres. SPF of particular extracts and carriers with encapsulated extracts were measured. All of the prepared extracts as well as carriers were characterised for their content of natural substances like phenolic compounds and their antioxidant acitvity, stability, cytotoxicity, micriobial acitivity and their safety were studied too. All of the prepared materials were evaluated as suitable for use in comestic industry. However, in a future, it would be appropriate to add to the study other experimental methods to increase the active substances and at the same time increase the SPF protection factor.
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The preparation of stable nature BB creams and determination of its properties
Marčanová, Milada ; Sovová, Šárka (referee) ; Hurčíková, Andrea (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis was create a natural BB cream that, in addition to sufficient hydration, would protect the skin from sunlight, unify its colour tone and at the same time sufficiently cover any imperfections. After proposition a suitable recipe, it was necessary to determine the stability of the prepared BB creams. The stability was evaluated by comparing the results from the dispersion analyser LUMiSizer at various temperatures and current load tests in an oven. The pseudoplastic properties were confirmed by the rheology characterization of the flow properties, which makes the BB cream a continuous layer on the skin after it is spread. In order to protect against sunlight, it was necessary to determine the SPF and measure the colour shades of the prepared BB creams for comparison with commercially available preparations.
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