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South China Sea: Issues of Chinese U-shaped line
Hofmanová, Lucie ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Karmazin, Aleš (referee)
The bachelor thesis "South China Sea: Issues of Chinese U-shaped line "focuses on a Chinese line called the U-shaped line in the South China Sea. The main task of this thesis is to present the differences in understanding of legal issues between the Chinese academics and their foreign colleagues regarding the U-shaped line, the claims of each state in the South China Sea and their distinction from Chinese claims and the consistency of the U-shaped line with international law. For a comprehensive understanding of the presented issues the first part of work concentrates on historical development of this line and the significance of the South China Sea. Legal concepts and treaties relating to the conflict are explained as well. It involves international law, international maritime law, Note verbale, Declaration on the South China Sea, Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia, Island of Palmas case and International Court of Justice. The stress is put on the legal aspects and development of this line.
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Canada and the Norhwest Passage? Intersection of National Sovereignty and Environmentalism?
Cox, Oliver ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Vidén, Anna Karolina (referee)
According to latest scientific data the ice cap in the Arctic is receding. If it recedes for a long enough part of the year, it might become feasible to use the Northwest Passage for commercial shipping. That might pose a threat to Canadian claim of sovereignty over the Northwest Passage (NWP). A key component of Canadian assertion of sovereignty over the NWP is based on the concept of functional claim via enforcement of environmental regulations in the NWP. These environmental regulations were introduced after the voyage of American oil tanker SS Manhattan in 1969 through the Northwest Passage. This thesis examines these events in order to evaluate the role (and importance) of employing environmental arguments in Canadian claim over the Northwest Passage. In 2006, the new Canadian Government presented a shift in the Arctic discourse towards a more hard-line approach. Therefore, it is important to examine the implications of this shift and its impact on the environmental line of argumentation. This text argues that the environmental approach is still relevant and actually the most viable one. But also, this text argues that Canada lacks the necessary infrastructure to enforce the regulations and to provide other shipping services. Thus, it leaves the Northwest Passage in danger of being proclaimed...
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Legal regulation of the protection of sea mammals
Makovec, Vojtěch ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
The topic of this master thesis is the international legal regulation of the protection of marine mammals. The thesis concentrates primarily on the analysis of the species based international law instruments for the protection of the individual marine mammal species. This thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter addresses the main principles of the international environmental law, which have the biggest influence on the protection of marine mammals (biodiversity protection, precautionary principle and sustainable development). The second chapter describes the regulation of fisheries, which is closely related to the protection of marine mammals. This part deals with the historical beginning of the international regulation of fisheries, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the division of the sea areas, regulation of individual fish species and the regulation of fisheries after the UNCLOS. The particular instruments of protection of individual species of marine mammals except Cetaceans are described in the third chapter (i.e. polar bears, Pinnipeds and Sirenidae). The protection of Cetaceans is analyzed in detail in the fourth chapter. The protection of whales on the ground of International Whaling Commission is accented. This chapter describes also the standpoint of the whaling countries...
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Interests of the United States and Canada in the Artic
Vargová, Žaneta ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The Northwest Passage is a potentially navigable seaway in the Arctic that is delimited by the Beaufort Sea in the west and the Buffin Bay in the east. As the Arctic ice cap melts further each year, the Passage may become navigable in the medium term. This brings to light many important questions and problems closely linked to the Passage's legal status. This thesis first maps the different reasons to deal with the problem and focuses on Canada as the state to be potentially most affected by the Passage's use. Canada takes the view, that the Northwest Passage are internal waters and the U.S. and the EU, that it is an international strait. The work probes the approaches to determine the status in compliance with the international law as they were claimed chronologically. However, the work stipulates the legal solution is not the only one imaginable and can even be potentially harmful to Canada. Therefore, the next part of the thesis deals with mapping them. A political solution on the international level is offered arguing that cooperation should be established in the region to safely and peacefully use the potentially navigable Passage. The last way to solve the situation lies in national policies as Canada has historically dealt with the issue internally several times. Some of its efforts have also been...
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Challenges for International Relations in the Arctic
Štěpánek, Zdeněk ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (advisor) ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with identification, analysis and critical assessment of challenges for international relations arising in the Arctic in connection with global climate change, which results mainly into decrease of the sea ice. Copenhagen School forms the primary theoretical bedrock of the thesis. The thesis maps the approach of different theoretical paradigms to the Arctic region throughout the history and on this basis it justifies the relevance of application of the concept of security sectors defined by Copenhagen School on the region. The thesis also maps the current governance mechanisms of the Arctic region as far as international law and institutional arrangements are concerned. The analysis of concrete challenges for international relations is structured according to the sectors of security defined by Copenhagen School. Thus, challenges in the environmental, societal, economic, political and military sectors are examined.
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