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In the shadow of Swedish cannonballs over Prague in 1648 - the transformation of historical narrative across the centuries
Fišera, Tadeáš ; Doležalová, Eva (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee)
The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) became a global conflict which subsequently involved nearly every country of Europe. The reason for the war was not only the complicated religious situation caused by the fragmentation of the Roman Church in which the Protestant- Union and Catholic League stood against each other, but also political and economic issues. Political reasons can be characterized by the expansion of the House of Hapsburgs into surrounding lands through which they attempted to gain political leadership and supremacy over Europe. The goal of the diploma thesis is not to reconstruct historical event of The Thirty Years' War, but to capture its historical narrative and its changes throughout the centuries. Starting point of the thesis is the year 1648 when the last fights of the war took place during Swedish occupation of Prague. For months, Prague became almost a defence fortress which withstood the Swedish protestant army. This event has been reflected in the picture of national history in two ways: one - the heroic withstanding of Prague citizens of the enemy army, second - the definitive defeat of the hopes of restitution of relations before The Battle of the White Mountain of the utraquistic and protestant fracture of Czech society.
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Middle European Military Camps in 1550-1650
Andresová, Klára ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Ďurčanský, Marek (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the problematics of the military camps of Christian armies in the Central Europe between 1550-1650. We focus on the camps of the Habsburg Monarchy and German lands, yet some space is given to the situation in Poland and Hungary. The introductory chapters consist of a characterization of the source material and an overview of the present state of research. Furthermore, excursuses into several topics related to the military camps of the early modern period are made. Thus, characterizations of the crucial war conflicts of the period, contemporary strategies and tactics, principals, composition and equipment of the armies, of the ranks, and of the life of soldiers are provided. The core of this work is an interpretation and comparison of treatises written by military theorists, who dealt with the problematics of camps, namely of the works by Jan Tarnowski, Guillaume du Bellay, Leonhardt Fronsperger, Lazarus von Schwendi, Giorgio Basta, Johann Jacobi von Wallhausen, and Raimondo Montecuccoli. Additionally, an analysis of the military orders of the Roman emperor Maximilian II and of the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf is supplied, followed by memoirs and diaries of soldiers of that era, and contemporary literary fiction. Although the thesis includes brief characterizations of...
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Image of the Thirty-Years-War in Czechoslovak and Czech cinema and television
Švec, Pavel ; Vlnas, Vít (advisor) ; Chalupová, Helena (referee)
The aim of the task The image of the Thirty Years' War in Czechoslovak and Czech cinema and television is focused on certain films that are set between the years 1618 and 1648. The task is to present the style of processing of the historical reality shown in these films as well as to present the film impact on society before and after the year 1989. Another task is to show the meaning and reason of creating such films in certain time period. This paper is based on complementation method which combines various academic film studies, various news film reviews, historical context analysis of years 1618-1648 and film materials. KEY WORDS Czechoslovak filmography, Czech filmography, Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
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Communicative image of military conflicts of the Czech Estates Uprising 1618-1620
ČÍŽEK, Josef
This submitted paper aims to give a communicative image of the conflicts of the Czech Estates Uprising in the south of Bohemia. The focal point of the research has been three clashes of Protestant and Catholic armies. The first was the Battle of Lomnice, which took place on November 11, 1618, between the allied estates troops of Jindřich Matyáš Thurn and Jiří Fridrich Hohenlohe and the catholic military assembly of Karel Bonaventura Buquoy. After the battle that was victorious for the generals of the estates, the military actions moved to the area around České Budějovice, which was besieged by the army of the estates, as the catholic troops withdrew here. Ending the siege of the South Bohemian metropolis caused the third conflict, which has become part of this work. The battle at Záblatí took place on June 10, 1619, by the troops of Petr Arnošt of Mansfeld, the general of the rebellious Czech estates, and the military corps of imperial mercenaries commanded by Karel Bonaventura Buquoy. The aim of the author was to capture the fullest range of information framework, which was completed by reports of these military clashes of the Czech Estates Uprising. As part of research activities, attention was paid first to the works which explored the battle of Záblatí from political and military point of view. This view became a basic framework in which the research was conducted. However, the work should not only to recapitulate the conclusions already drawn, but the aim was to look at the examined issue with a new look. Such a view was based in the research of either new or to-nowoverlooked sources, such as the period news that historical science began to discover in recent years. A relatively large part of the historical community took the argument in saying that under the tide of propaganda and perspice it is not possible to find the truth about individual events of the Czech Estates Uprising. It would certainly be possible to claim that credible authentic information was scarce in the leaflets of the Czech Estates Uprising. These who contracted the prints, however, attempted to influence the readers of contemporary journalism and help them orientate in their intellectual worlds that were in this way uncovering to us. Another possibility for viewing the conflicts of the Czech Estates Uprising was offered through the view of the ordinary villages and towns inhabitants that were coming into contacts or were just observers of the South Bohemian battlefield. Although the preservation of the sources of the early 17th century from the environment of towns and villages was far from abundant, we managed to find some authentic testimonies that evaluated the battles of the Czech Estates Uprising from the very distinctive angles of view. The author interpreted sources of song lyrics reporting to the rural environment and sources of interurban correspondence, through which he tried to uncover at least part of the mental world of ordinary residents of South Bohemia affected by war in the first third of the 17th century and their view on the South Bohemian battlegrounds. Similarly, he also proceeded in the interpretation of the noble correspondence, whether it were warriors or the aristocrats affected by war misfortunes.
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Peace negotiations at the end of the Thirty Years' War
Vokřínek, Lukáš ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Županič, Jan (referee)
The author analyses the Westphalian peace negotiations ending the Thirty Years War in order to find out to what extent it had influenced the parallel Swedish military campaigns. In the Czech Republic, it is the return of the broader analysis of this important historical event that leaded to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. In recent years had not been given enough attention to these events, although abroad (typically in Germany) the research continues with greater intensity. The structure of the text is following. At first the author pursues the main development features of the Thirty Years War and subsequently recapitulates the way to the Westphalian peace talks since the first proposals for a final settlement of the constantly prolonging conflict after the start of diplomatic activity at the congress in the Westphalian city of Münster and Osnabrück in the (first) half of the 1640s. Then discusses the basic characteristics of the congress, among others also key delegations and their significant (or just interesting) members participating in the negotiations. Thereafter, the text continues to its core section, consisting of two parts. The first of them is about the progress of the peace negotiations on the basis of analysis of each of the main discussing issues in relation to the conflict in the...
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Middle European Military Camps in 1550-1650
Andresová, Klára ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Ďurčanský, Marek (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the problematics of the military camps of Christian armies in the Central Europe between 1550-1650. We focus on the camps of the Habsburg Monarchy and German lands, yet some space is given to the situation in Poland and Hungary. The introductory chapters consist of a characterization of the source material and an overview of the present state of research. Furthermore, excursuses into several topics related to the military camps of the early modern period are made. Thus, characterizations of the crucial war conflicts of the period, contemporary strategies and tactics, principals, composition and equipment of the armies, of the ranks, and of the life of soldiers are provided. The core of this work is an interpretation and comparison of treatises written by military theorists, who dealt with the problematics of camps, namely of the works by Jan Tarnowski, Guillaume du Bellay, Leonhardt Fronsperger, Lazarus von Schwendi, Giorgio Basta, Johann Jacobi von Wallhausen, and Raimondo Montecuccoli. Additionally, an analysis of the military orders of the Roman emperor Maximilian II and of the Swedish king Gustav II Adolf is supplied, followed by memoirs and diaries of soldiers of that era, and contemporary literary fiction. Although the thesis includes brief characterizations of...
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Czech Lands' Thirty Years War Mercenary's Life
Andresová, Klára ; Šedivá Koldinská, Marie (advisor) ; Ďurčanský, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with life of mercenaries during the Thirty Years' War. It is focused on the situation in central Europe and especially in the Czech lands. The main part of the thesis concentrates on the appearance of military camps which is reconstructed based on normative sources, ego-documents, folk songs and period artistic literature, paintings and drawings. To introduce the topic I describe various types of soldiers in the Habsburg army and the subordination of the army. One chapter is meant to work as a guide through the life of a mercenary - about his living in the army from his recruitment up to his discharge. We mention the material equipment and soldiers clothing as well. Women were a usual part of the army, therefore I also pay attention to them. The main topic of the work is military camp, therefore a description of its appearance is given, describing the arrangement of all its parts. I mention tents, markets and inns. I also deal with camp life's negatives, for example with diseases or activities condemned by the contemporary moral. Military law is briefly described as well. I also mention administrative officers who are responsible for the aspects of military life related to the camps. In the end there is also integrated a chapter about the civilian view on mercenaries and the war...
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The disaster of Netolice. Influence of battle at Záblatí on everyday life in the domain
ČÍŽEK, Josef
Submitted work aims to capture the changes in lives of ordinary people in the Netolice domain over the years 1618-1620. Using personal correspondence and sources of registration nature it is documented how the war conflicts influenced the population of South Bohemia during the early phase of the Thirty Years War. The aim of the study is the reconstruction of war events in the period from the beginning of the Estates Uprising till the battle at Záblatí. Attention is also paid to changes in the everyday life of villagers living in the South Bohemian battlefield. Those occurred primarily through changes in rustic farms and town households. The everydayness of inhabitants transformed also through social, economic and property changes. Changes are documented by way of comparing the pre-war situation with the post-war environment in which the then man tried to live and survive. The entire work is summarized in the conclusion, which recapitulates discovered findings and provides additional options for further research.
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