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Role of the Supreme court of the United Kingdom in the devolution process
Mezera, Martin ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with role of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom in the devolution process. It examines two important aspects of british political system, the judiciary and devolution. Relation between them has in fact been quite overlooked. Main purpose is to find out, wheter newly established Supreme Court has contributed on deepening the devolution. At first author briefly describes UK judiciary and tries to explain relatively complicated systém of courts in all of three legal systems, England and Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland. Afterwards, he explains wht devolution issues are and how their judicial review had looked like before 2009. The most important part of this thesis deals with description of recent devolution develepmnet in all areas. Author analyses single court decisions and and exlplores opinions of court's justices. By this analysis author finds out that the number of court decisions is still relatively small to prove without doubts its influence. Nevertheless, even those few decisions help us understand the development of Supreme Court judges's opinion.
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Presidential campaign finance in the US: diminishing role of public funding
Slavíčková, Kristýna ; Kotábová, Věra (advisor) ; Švec, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on public financing of presidential campaigns in the United States and the fact that after decades of functioning successfully the system's use by presidential candidates diminished and virtually vanished in recent years. The aim of the thesis is to identify the particular reasons for this development and to propose suggestions for changes that would eventually make the system functional and lucrative for the candidates again. It sets forth a comprehensive description and analysis of the legislation and Supreme Court rulings concerning presidential campaign financing as well as an overview of the current state of public campaign finance law. It then examines those presidential elections in which some candidate(s) opted out of the public financing, whether for primary or general elections, and tries to find the reason behind the candidates' decisions to opt out. Based on that it determines the reasons which were a common denominator among the presidential candidates and which caused the diminishment of public financing and categorizes them. At the end it proposes possible solutions to these problems and the possibilities of reforming the public financing of presidential elections.
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The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003
Mertová, Viktorie ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
U. S. universities often apply affirmative action approach in admissions procedure, that is to say, they give preferential treatment to racial or ethnic minority applicants. There are several reasons for this policy. First, in the 1960s, the federal government instructed all the federal contractors to take an affirmative action to ensure that minorities were not discriminated against. Second, universities attempt to create a diverse student body which is supposed to produce educational benefits and raise the quality of education. The affirmative action programs cause a number of controversies. The opponents argue that the policy discriminates against the majority and therefore violates the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Many litigations took place in the United States over the course of years, some of the cases were even brought before the Supreme Court. The Bachelor's thesis "The Policy of Affirmative Action at American Universities: Perspective of the Supreme Court 1978-2003" investigates the changes of the Supreme Court's approach to this problem in the period between 1978 (first landmark decision) and 2003, when the Supreme Court dealt with the issue last so far. On the basis of an analysis of the decisions in three significant Supreme Court cases, this paper characterizes the most...
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The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
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The relationship between the state and religious communitites in the USA
Krauzová, Tereza ; Horák, Záboj (advisor) ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (referee)
The relationship between the state and religious communities in the USA Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the relevant aspects of the relationship between the state and religious communities in the United States of America. The focus of the thesis lies in the introduction of the development of interpretation of both religious clauses of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution by the Supreme Court, especially in the 20th century. This thesis aims to show, how both religious clauses, even though they were created to serve the same purpose, are in some cases interpreted in a contradicting way. The thesis also elaborates on religious freedom in the sensitive environment of armed forces, as the soldiers depend totally on services provided to them by the government. In the final part, the thesis introduces certain exceptions from the generally applicable legal provisions for the churches and religious legal entities, as well as recent development from the perspective of admitting religious freedom to business corporations. Keywords: freedom of religion, Constitution of the United States, First Amendment, churches, Supreme Court, USA
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Inventure of the City Center ? Brno – Benešova Street
Foltýnek, Jan ; Rudiš, Viktor (referee) ; Pelčák, Petr (advisor)
Historically, the locality Benešova located on the edge of the medieval city of Brno in the former site of the Baroque fortification. In the nineteenth century, after the demolition of the fortifications were being built ring road block with mostly public buildings and park areas. The newly designed structure of the buildings are trying to complete Brno Ring in the unfinished part and continues the tradition of major public buildings on ring road.
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The Analysis of the Impact of Antitrust Policy on the Hollywood Film Industry in 1940's
Wolf, Vojtěch ; Stellner, František (advisor) ; Jeřábková, Zdenka (referee)
In the 1940s Hollywood saw the biggest changes in its history. Based on a series of antitrust investigations, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to break up the Hollywood studio system -- production, distribution and exhibition. As a result, the studios were forced to sell their affiliated theatre chains and to abandon certain business practices, such as block booking and blind selling. The purpose of my thesis is to clarify how the film industry was affected by this intervention and whether these changes should have occurred, in the first place.
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