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Water scarcity in the Czech Republic and its implementation in highschools
Kalinová, Petra ; Janský, Bohumír (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Water scarcity is one of the current issues not only in the Czech Republic. Given the fact that drought has hit the territory of the Czech Republic several times recently and also climate change, it is essential for our country to be able to prepare for repeated drought periods. Possibilities for dealing with the drought in the Czech Republic, including examples of concrete measures, as well as other basic information regarding drought in the Czech Republic, are presented in this bachelor's thesis. However, the main goal of this bachelor's thesis is to create a project day on the topic of Water scarcity in the Czech Republic. The creation of the project day is part of the PERUN project, which is focused on climate change and drought and its impact on the territory of the Czech Republic. The project day was verified in practice in the form of a pretest-posttest design, thus confirming its effectiveness and testing the quality of the materials used. In the vast majority of cases, positive trend of increasing correct answers amongst students is visible, and thus the participating students deepened their knowledge regarding this issue. Key Words: water scarcity, Czechia, high schools, tuition
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Effect of long-term drought on plant-associated microbiota
Billichová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kohout, Petr (referee)
Plant-associated microorganisms are very important for plant growth. Microbiota influence, for example, nutrient uptake, flower and fruit production or biocontrol of pathogens. Microorganisms are found in various plant organs. Each plant part then creates different environments for the microorganisms to live in. This may influence their different functions depending on which plant part they are found in. One such function is to help plants cope with adverse conditions. Drought, as an adverse condition, has a major effect on both plants and micro-organisms. The aim of this thesis is to study effect of long-term drought on the composition of the microbiota in the rhizosphere and leaf and root endosphere. Long-term drought affected the composition of microbial communities in different plant parts. According to the original hypothesis, the response to drought of prokaryotes differed from that of fungal communities. Fungal communities are more stable and their alpha diversity did not change much during the different durations. The opposite trend in diversity is seen in prokaryotes, where a relative increase in specialists can also be observed. Regarding specific microbial taxa, the results confirm the previously reported trend of increasing Actinobacteria abundance during drought. For fungi, on the...
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Chromatin modifications and small regulatory RNA in plant intergenerational and transgenerational stress memory: experiments in plants subjected to drought
Macek, Jan ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Vojtěch (referee)
Water is important for many vital processes, and a lack of water in plants causes drought stress. In case plants survive drought, they can be better adapted for subsequent drought periods. This is defined as stress memory, which will last for a certain period after the stress ended, and can even be transmitted to offspring to help it deal with stressful environment. In such case it is called an inter- or transgenerational stress memory and is probably mediated by chromatin modifications or non-coding RNAs. In this thesis, I collected and discussed original papers dealing with the molecular basis of this phenomenon in drought-stressed plants, focusing mostly on various methodical aspects. It is evident that the maintenance of chromatin modifications across generations is quite a complex process. Currently available information is still scarce, concerns mostly DNA methylation, is incomplete and conflicting. To better understand this topic in the future, the methods of analysis of these modifications need to be adjusted (and focus also on histone modifications), the general design of the experiments has to be improved (analysed generations subjected to stress/control conditions, drought verification, number of replicates) and some factors that can affect plant stress memory should be purposefully...
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Effect of biostimulants on growth and defence reactions in plants
Vlčková, Denisa ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Biostimulants are microorganisms or substances of natural origin that promote plant growth and defence against abiotic and biotic stress. The mechanism of action of biostimulants is still a subject of research. In this work, two biostimulants were studied: fermented nettles and vermicompost leachate. Both biostimulants possessed soluble proteins with lower relative molecular weights and peptides, carbohydrates, phenolic substances as well as active proteolytic enzymes and glycosidases. After application of biostimulants to the maize plants (Zea mays L.), growth parameters did not change significantly, but the plants had higher content of proteins and phenolic substances, higher antioxidant capacity and activity of some peroxidase isoforms. The effect of drought on plant growth, metabolism and antioxidant system after application of fermented nettles and vermicompost leachate was also studied. Maize plants under drought stress treated with biostimulants were able to maintain higher water content, showed higher content of proteins, phenolic compounds and higher glutathione reductase activity than untreated stressed control plants. Both tested biostimulants affected the metabolism of drought-stressed maize plants, with the positive effect being more pronounced in the lower-humus soil. Key words:...
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Study of an irrigation system for a residential building in the village of Litostrov
Machová, Michaela ; Paseka, Stanislav (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on automated irrigation systems using rainwater. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to a literature search in the field of automated irrigation systems. This part contains key definitions of terms, the purpose of irrigation and its types, water options for irrigation, storage, treatment and absorption of rainwater and last but not least the procedure for determining the water requirement for irrigation is presented. The practical part of the thesis deals with the implementation of the findings for the study of the irrigation system. The result of the practical part is the design of an economical irrigation system for lawn, ornamental and cultivation areas of a residential house in the village of Litostrov using rainwater.
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Sustainable production capabilities of territory, depending on climatic drought.
Skůpová, Jana ; Uhrová,, Jana (referee) ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav (advisor)
In this work, I dealt with the repercussion of drought on agriculture and land in the cadastral Jinošov. For this area, I analyzed the erosion and ratio of outflow. I also conducted a proposal of adaptation measures against erosion and water retention in the area. In conclusion, I analyzed withholding data and assessed the retention before and after the proposal of adaptation measures. The result of my work is finding that rainfall is inadequate and largely come out of the growing season, that despite all the measures fail to create on the necessary retention for the correct functioning of the landscape. Therefore it is necessary to solve water supply from other areas where is sufficient supply of water.
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Drip irrigation of a vineyard and orchard near Polešovice village
Pochylá, Nikola ; Szturc, Jan (referee) ; Hyánková, Eva (advisor)
This master thesis deals with irrigation systems with a focus on drip irrigation. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the reasons for the need for irrigation due to climate change, drought and its effects on crop yields and the impact of drip irrigation on improving crop quality. It then briefly discusses the types of irrigation and their water quality requirements. The theoretical part concludes with a discussion of drip irrigation, its advantages, disadvantages, practical applications and the different components of a drip irrigation system. In the second part, a drip irrigation system is proposed for a vineyard and an apricot orchard. The course of laboratory determination of soil type in the selected area, description of the information found about the former irrigation system and analysis of the selection of a suitable source of irrigation water are described. Furthermore, the calculation of the irrigation amount for each crop and the design of the storage tank are presented. The last section is devoted to the actual design of the drip irrigation system, its components and the irrigation schedule.
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Plan for drought and water scarcity
Bakota, Filip ; Coufal,, Marek (referee) ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe and prepare the pilot plan for drought and water scarcity for the selected locality, according to the prepared amendment of water law. Recent years have shown that drought will play a significant role in water supply in the future. Therefore, the need for tools to provide procedures and guidelines for individual administrations is more than important. The first part of the diploma thesis deals with issues of drought and water scarcity, climate change and prospects for the future. The next section describes a plan for drought and water scarcity. In the next parts of the diploma thesis, there are procedures that can mitigate or completely avoid the consequences of drought. From this informations, a pilot study of the plan for drought and water scarcity for the town of Počátky is being prepared in the next part.
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The effect of temperature and drought on the glutenin proteins content in two genotypes of wheat
Vybíral, Lukáš ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of water and temperature deficiency on protein content of gliadin fraction and on glutenin/gliadin ratio in two wheat varieties. The varieties selected for the experiment are called Pannonia and RGT Reform. Samples were cultivated at three different temperatures, 26 °C, 32 °C and 38 ° C, and irrigation was checked at the time of flowering. For wet-grown samples, the soil had a moisture content greater than 70 %, and drought-grown specimens grew on soil with a moisture content not exceeding 30 %. After harvest, the grains were ground into flour and glutenins and gliadins were extracted from the individual samples. SDS-PAGE was used for separation and protein quantification was performed by computer densitometry. A significant effect of the variety on individual gluten proteins was found. In the Pannonia variety, it has been found that the interaction of higher temperature and drought has no major effect on glutenin content and glutenin/gliadin ratio. The RGT variety was significantly affected by these conditions, resulting in a decrease in glutenin content and a significant change in ratio. In both varieties, the glutenin content was higher when cultivated at higher humidity but only at two higher cultivation temperatures.
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Analysis of glutenin fraction in winter wheat cultivated in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide concentrations
Čileková, Marta ; Vránová, Dana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
Increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere has influence on plant’s photosynthesis and its metabolits. This bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of glutenin fraction in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) var. Bohemia grown in ambient (AC) and elevated (EC; 700 mol.mol-1) carbon dioxide concentrations. Plants were cultivated in conditions with nitrogen fertilization (N+; 200 kg.ha-1) and without fertilization (N), in presence of UV-B radiation (UV+) and absence of UV-B radiation (UV), at drought (DRY) and with ambient irrigation (WET). Grain was harvested at 2014. The glutenin proteins were extracted from flour by isopropanol and DTT then separated by SDSPAGE and quantified by computer densitometry. Elevated carbon dioxide concentration decreased glutenin concentration in variant UV+ otherwise differences between AC and EC variants were nonsignificant. The nitrogen fertilization markedly increased glutenin content. Higher concentrations of glutenins were found in variants UV– WET and UV+ DRY. The highest concentrations of glutenins were found in conditions with presence of UV radiation, drought and nitrogen fertilization.
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