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The role of miRNA in injury and regeneration of spinal cord tissue
Šprincl, Vojtěch ; Romanyuk, Natalyia (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules of a length about 20-24 nucleotides, that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They interfere mRNA molecules via base- pairing with complementary sequences. Recently it was shown that they play an important role in injury and regeneration of nervous tissue. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to describe possible role of miRNAs in central nervous system injury with focus on spinal cord injury.
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Experimental model of the ventral spinal cord lesion in rats.
Štěpánková, Kateřina ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Martončíková, Marcela (referee)
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a damage to the spinal cord that causes permanent or temporary changes in motor and sensory functions. In humans, the traumatic impact to spinal cord is mostly directed from the ventral part of the spinal column, even though SCI models are principally directed from the dorsal part of the spinal column due to easier surgery. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to develop clinically more relevant, easily reproducible and relatively inexpensive model of the ventral spinal cord lesion in rats which replicates SCI in humans as closely as possible by its pathology, completeness, level and regeneration. For the surgery we used a modification of a balloon- compression technique. The balloon of the 2F embolectomy Fogarty's catheter was placed to the anterior epidural space via laminectomy at the level of T10 and when the final position of the catheter was achieved at the spinal level T8 in front of the anterior median fissure, a balloon was rapidly inflated with 10 μl or 15 μl of water for 5 minutes. Other two groups - laminectomy only and ventral placement of the catheter without inflation were used as controls. The motor functions were evaluated by the BBB test and ladder walking test. In BBB test we observed significantly impaired motor functions in the 15 μl...
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The possibilities of physical exercise in relation to the metabolism after spinal cord injury
Olišarová, Eva ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the possibilities of the physical exercise in individuals with the spinal cord injury. The work presents various types of the physical activity and describes their effect on metabolism and body composition. It also includes the information about the frequency, the duration and the intensity of exercise. The interruption of the somatomotor and somatosensory pathways in patients with spinal cord injury leads to the reduction of their physical activity. As a consequence of that, their metabolic profile and body composition get worse. Early after the injury, the patients suffer from the massive muscle atrophy and the rise of the amount of adipose tissue. These changes have a negative effect on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. It results in the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, sometimes even in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These secondary complications worsen the quality and the length of life of the patients with the spinal cord injury. Better understanding of these issues is necessary to improve the quality of health care for these people. The work includes a short questionnaire. Its goal is to describe the current situation of patients with the spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was...
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Matching the role of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, aggrecan, in dense extracellular matrix of perineuronal nets and glial scar
Gmiterková, Lenka ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are worldwide medical problems. Disruption of the tissue leads to the changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix composition. This newly formed scar is not permissive for the axonal regrowth. Its function in prohibiting neuronal plasticity is similar to the perineuronal nets present in undamaged brain. One of the key components of both perineuronal nets and scar is proteoglycan aggrecan. In this thesis I focused on the function of aggrecan in central nervous system, mechanism of its growth inhibitory feature and research in the field of traumatic brain or spine cord injury treatment. It is important topic, since currently there are not any approved human therapies to recover axonal growth at the site of formed scar.
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Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury
Dubišová, Jana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
Poranenie miechy a jeho terapia pomocou mezenchymálnych kmeňových buniek Abstract Patients with serious spinal cord injury (SCI) have a little chance of a full return to their original life. This kind of injuries leaves lifelong consequences as on the patients themselves, as well as their surroundings and family. Considerable financial resources are, worldwide, granted for reintegratation of these patients into society. This work focuses on the description of spinal cord injury, its complexity and the possibility of treatment by new therapeutic methods of mesenchymal cells. The first section discusses the severity of spinal cord injury and its pathophysiology with the performance of subsequent clinical phases. The second part is dedicated to new treatment methods and approaches, with an emphasis on cell therapy. The third part presents treatment method using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, such as their ability to migration to the injured area and the possibility of genetic modification, made them a great candidates for the treatment of serious injuries. Keywords Spinal cord injury, stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell therapy, regenerative medicine
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The use of virtual reality in combination with electrostimulation of spinal cord and its influence on individual with incomplete spinal cord injury
Svobodová, Anna ; Vařeková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Title: The use of virtual reality in combination with electrostimulation of spinal cord and its influence on individual with incomplete spinal cord injury. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to find out if virtual reality in form of terapheutic videos filmed in the first person perspective and in combination with electrostimulation of spinal-cord has influence on neurological state and subjective perception of young man with spinal-cord injury. Methods: A 25-year-old proband, with incomplete spinal cord lesion syndrome for 10 years, underwent this qualitative research (case study). Proband had been watching ten-minute-long therapeutic videos through VR headset in combination with electrostimulation on average 2-3 times per week over a period of 5 months. In order to record proband's neurological state ASIA Impairment Scale test was used. This test was carried out before, during and after the research. Proband's subjective feelings and pain were evaluated on a point scale: 0-10 and recorded in proband's diary. Results: Proband's sensitivity showed minor improvement. Input score of sensory subscores light touch on ASIA Impairment Scale test were 84 points and output score increased to 86 points. Input score of sensory subscores pin prick were 75 and output score increased to 78 points (of total...
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Experimental rat models in traumatic spinal cord injury research
Kloudová, Anna ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Mrózková, Petra (referee)
A large number of spinal injuries that cause damage to the spinal cord occur every year. Such damage to spinal cord tissue leads to a number of dysfunctions that significantly reduce quality of life and therefore the development of effective therapies remains a very important issue. The use of animal models is considered the major tool of this research field, enabling the testing of new treatments as well as observing ongoing pathophysiological processes. Rats are the most frequently used animal model due to the many possible ways of creating a spinal cord lesion on them. The contusion model uses a computer-controlled device to simulate the spinal cord contusion and therefore is highly precise. However, a compression model seems to be the most suitable model for pathophysiological studying. Besides contusion it enables persistent compression to the spinal cord. Transection and hemisection methods are intended for axonal regeneration research, as only these models can reliably distinguish new growing fibers from the preserved ones. Less often photochemical and excitotoxic models are used. Lastly, dislocation and distraction of vertebrae or damage to the spinal cord using heat or cold can be carried out. Each of the models have their own unique features that make them optimal to use in different...
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The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury and ALS.
Gajdoš, Roman ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Vargová, Lýdia (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a new phenomenon of regenerative medicine. It is obvious that they share some common characteristics with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as stemness potential, self-renewal p., differentiation p. iPSCs retain their epigenetic memory, allowing becoming patient-specific and so it is not necessary to apply immunosuppressants. The use of ESCs is controversial, because their acquisition is associated with embryo destruction. As a cell source for iPSCs derivation we can use any somatic cells, however, fibroblasts are preferably used due to their easy availability. With transcriptional reprogramming cocktail (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c- MYC / OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28) we can obtain required iPSCs line, which is then further differentiated into neural precursors (NPCs). These cells can be grafted into lesion site, where they can facilitate regeneration by several mechanisms (cell replacement, protective effect, facilitation the expression of trophic factors). Nevertheless, here we are still dealing with the risk of tumorogenesis or low cell derivation efficiency that limits the use of iPSCs in clinical practice. In this thesis we will therefore mainly focus on the therapeutic potential of iPSCs in preclinical studies, their use in the treatment of...
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Coping with sudden motility limitation and its implication - coping strategies among young people with spinal cord injury and with multiple sclerosis
Ottová, Monika ; Levínská, Markéta (advisor) ; Smetáčková, Irena (referee)
TITLE: Coping with sudden motility limitation and its implication - coping strategies among young people with spinal cord injury and with multiple sclerosis SUMMARY: This thesis is focused on process of adjustment of motility limitation, caused by spinal cord injury or by attack of multiple sclerosis, among young people. The motoric ability limitation affects their mobility as well as their social interaction, interests, plans and especially their independence. Thus, in age of gaining emancipation from nuclear family, they become dependant on their home-folks again. The theoretical part of the thesis acquaints with spinal cord injuries and multiple sclerosis from biological and psychosocial point of view, thereinafter it's engaged in coping generally and coping in relation to these two groups. Furthermore it's dealt with developmental periods characterization of adolescence and young adulthood, consequences of health turnover in self-concept in social context. The empirical part is based on semi-structured interviews with six young people (3 with spinal cord injury, 3 with multiple sclerosis). The important findings gained from interviews are presented in form of casuistries. On the basis of the interviews analysis it's demonstrated problematic domains, that are affected by motility limitation, and ways of...
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Behavioral testing of animals after experimental spinal cord injury.
Freislebenová, Hana ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Kriška, Ján (referee)
Spinal cord injury is one of the most serious injury that leads to a decrease in the quality of life both physically and mentally. Although there is currently no effective treatment, great efforts are being made to develop new treatments. The effectiveness of experimental treatment is verified by behavioral tests performed on animal models, where rats are the most suitable ones for this type of injury. Behavioral tests are divided into several groups depending on what the testing is focused on. Locomotor tests examine the function of a locomotive apparatus, motor tests are used to determine the function of skeletal muscles not primarily involved in locomotion, sensory and motor tests test the functionality of sensory and motor apparatus and their interconnection, sensory tests are designed to test responses to sensory stimuli. Electrophysiological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging are part of a series of special tests that use artificially induced electrical stimuli to measure muscle activity. This thesis is focused on detailed description of selected behavioral tests, their functionality and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages.
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