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Experimentální stanovení vybraných fyzikálních parametrů půd pro potřeby počítačového modelování utužení půd v důsledku pojezdu zemědělské techniky.
HALÍŘ, Vladimír
The aim of the thesis was to experimentally determine the selected physical parameters of soil samples with the output of data usable for the needs of computer modeling and simulation of soil compaction as a result of soil loading by agricultural machinery. Output data should be expediently consolidated according to the proposed primary data synthesis proposals, taking into account the obviousness and clarity of the operating influences useful under normal agricultural practice. The practical part deals with the diagnosis of relevant factors determining and affecting the technological and consistency properties of soil samples with a focus on the content factor of the added organic soil organic matter. The output of the thesis is both the raw data of the model sample series in the form of graphical dependencies of the selected specification factors within the range of the defined intervals, as well as the outline of the design of a range of cooperative interconnections with the possibility of data evaluation, with the support of a sophisticated program for the creation of computer multiphysical simulations such as COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS?.
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The employment of cone penetrometer to detect soil compaction in a model area
Plasová, Marie ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
There are some authors who claim that the soil is one of the nonrenewable resources, because pedogenesis is thousand-years-long process. Unfortunately, natural features of soil are often degraded - the mechanism of this is describe below in this work. The thesis focuses on one of the soil degradation processes - pedocompaction in context of intensive agriculture. It is much better to prevent the soil compaction then to try to fix it afterwards; the price is high and the soil after land development is still not as good as it originally was. In this work we used a model area in Kleneč in an attempt to examine the relationship between a colored mosaic seen on the ortophoto with data on profile depth gained from terrain measuring using cone penetrometer. The results were analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Their results are somewhat contradictious: the correlation is 37, 6 % with p-value 0,44 and the regression is 6,55 % with p-value 0,18. The reason could be that the relationship between the phenomena is non-linear. For clearer conclusion, it would be better to do more analysis on the field and in the laboratory as well. Key words: soil degradation, soil compaction, pedocompaction, penetrometer
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Sledování utužení půdy na daném pozemku
VONDRÁČEK, Jan
In the thesis is discussed problem with soil compaction in the agriculture in the Czech Republic, causing of aspects of this phenomenon as well as a method suppressing this phenomenon and prevent its. In this work are also mentioned machinery and equipment and their possibilities editing to reduce the compression of the soil. There are also the results of field measurements, which were carried out during the season on land that has been processed by different technology in several of its parts and other measurements carried out occasionally in the Czech Republic to observe the state of soil compaction.
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Construction technological study of realization foundation of AZ Tower in Brno
Kořínková, Iveta ; Čech, David (referee) ; Diaz, Yvetta (advisor)
The thesis is concerned with project documentation for selected phase of building establishment of the highest building in the Czech Republic - AZ Tower in Brno. The object is the realisation of subterranean wall of reinforced concrete, drilling of piles and construction of fundamental plate. The project contains the technical report with orientation to the selected phase, technical report for construction-organisation principles and equipment of building yard, technological instruction for drilled piles, controlling and examining plan for this instruction, safety and risk plan on the building yard, proposal of machine order, budget of the projected phase, time-planning of the phase and all drawing concerning the problem.
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Technological phase substructure - Business center in Ostrava
Toman, Jan ; Štěrba, Martin (referee) ; Henková, Svatava (advisor)
Subject of this thesis is the lower gross production technology mall in Ostrava. This work contains exactly technical reports, technological specification, site equipment, mechanical assembly design, scheduling, budgeting, monitoring and test plans, safety and environmental protection.
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A methodology for assessing the impact of cattle grazing on soil properties, water quality and quantity, plant and invertebrates diversity
Fučík, P. ; Zemek, František ; Hakrová, P. ; Svobodová, M. ; Zajíček, A. ; Šlachta, M. ; Pikl, Miroslav ; Duffková, R. ; Mrkvička, J. ; Bystřický, V. ; Procházka, J. ; Skalický, M. ; Holubík, O. ; Moravcová, J. ; Novotný, Jan ; Skalická, J. ; Peterková, J. ; Musil, M. ; Šantrůček, J. ; Matoušková, V. ; Brom, J. ; Hanuš, Jan ; Novotná, K. ; Huislová, P.
This methodology introduces the approaches for assessment of soil, water, plant, forage and invertebrates characteristics of pastures as influenced by cattle grazing. These parameters are necessary to observe and evaluate in order to set the optimal grazing management of pastures for support of the sustainable land use and for mitigating the negative impacts of agriculture on the environment. Moreover, the proper management of pastures enables to improve livestock welfare, market challenges of foods, and strenghten and diversify various activities in rural areas. For the assessment of grazing-induced changes of aforementioned parameters, the focus is oriented towards different pasture geomorphological / hillslope zones, where grazing may exhibit in a distinct manner. The approaches are postponed based on literature survey as well as on knowledge acquired during a multi-branch research project. The methodology shows the principles for monitoring and evaluation of parameters regarding soil physics and chemistry, water quality and quantity, plant diversity and forage quality and ecology of selected invertebrate species. Beside this, approaches for application and interpretation of remote sensing methods and tools for detecting the changes in plant and soil pasture characteristics are introduced and discussed. The methodics is targeted on one hand for specialist from state administration offices (Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of the Environment) as a background for evaluation of the effectiveness of subsidy programmes focused on grazing management. On the other hand, the approaches described in the methodics can serve the experts for an integrated assessment of grazing management on various pasture parameters or on the environment. The novelty of the methodics lies in the multi-level approach, which enables to assess the pasture parameters both individually or jointly, according to their mutual interrelatons and possible driving factors.
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Hodnocení negativního vlivu degradačních faktorů na půdu a návrh možností jeho omezení - vytvoření podkladů pro plnění požadavků daných návrhem Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU
Mendelova zemědělská a lesnická univerzita v Brně, Lesnická a dřevařská fakulta, Brno ; Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta stavební, Brno ; Ekotoxa Opava, s.r.o., Opava ; Remeš, Michal ; Menšík, Ladislav ; Dumbrovský, Miroslav ; Kulhavý, Jiří ; Sáňka, Milan
Základním cílem projektu je vytvoření metodických podkladů a návrhů pro podporu udržitelného užívání půdního fondu a zajištění informací z oblasti ochrany půdy. Projekt má ověřovat možnosti pro zlepšení stavu zemědělských, lesních a ostatních půd v ČR s ohledem na negativní působení jednotlivých degradačních faktorů. Celá struktura projektu je sestavena tak, aby byly vytvořeny podklady pro plnění požadavků daných návrhem Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU. Jedná se zejména o tyto požadavky: Zlepšit stav půd s ohledem na vliv jednotlivých degradačních faktorů, přispět k objasnění zákonitostí procesů degradace půd, omezit znečištění půdy, ověřit možnosti pro zlepšení stavu zemědělských, lesních a ostatních půd a navrhnout nápravná opatření. Závěrečná zpráva za první rok řešení (září – listopad) je zaměřena na základní popis problematiky působení degradačních faktorů na půdu. Uvedeny jsou hlavní zásady navrhované Směrnice na ochranu půdy EU a jejich promítnutí do řešení projektu. Jsou definovány hlavní degradační faktory: eroze, ztráty organické hmoty, zhutnění, salinizace, sesuvy, kontaminace, zábory , ztráty na biodiverzitě. U hlavních degradačních faktorů jsou uvedeny metody měření a hodnocení a též podkladové informace pro identifikaci ohrožených oblastí na území ČR.
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Influence of timber harvestings on forest ecosystems in Šumava National Park.
VOKÁČ, Otakar
The consequence of the differentiation of a care of forest ecosystems in NP Šumava is the existence of localities where timber harvesting causes damage to forest ecosystem. One of the most affected ecosystems is the soil ecosystem. The surface is usually disrupted by numbers of passing over the same path the machines. Forwarders are the harvesting machineries that execute the largest number of passes in the forest. The aim of the diploma work is to gain and analyse data dealing with harvesting technologies, and to evaluate their impact on soil ecosystems. The impact was determinate from measuring of the recessing of the track in the surface, of the soil compaction and of the soil sampling for determination of an amount of the water in the soil. The data were measured in different selected localities in NP Šumava. The negative influences of the harvesting technologies were defined for both {--} water and air regime of soil. Recommendation for reduction of negative consequences of the harvesting on soil are parts of diploma work as well.
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Impact of intensive trampling on soil animals in the Boubín National Natural Reserve, Czech Republic
Rusek, Josef
The impact of intensive tourist activity (trampling) on the soil fauna diversity in the Boubín National Natural Reserve (Czech Republic) was investigated. Quantitative soil samples were collected in the climax spruce forest 200 m north of the scenic observatory on the top of the Boubín Mt. (Loc. No. 1), than on a highly frequented (Loc. No. 2) and less frequented walkways (Loc. No. 3), and on a 1,5 year no more used one (Loc. No. 4). Collembola, Protura, Diplura, and Symphyla species were used as bioindicators of the trampling impact. Highest density and species number of the mentioned soil animal groups was established on the Loc. No. 1 (353100 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 34 species of Collembola, 5300 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 1 species of Protura, 200 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 1 species of Diplura, 5600 specimens.m.sup.-2./sup. and 2 species of Symphyla).
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