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Okun's Law and Social Expenditure
Batíková, Marta ; Hanus, Luboš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis analyses Okun's law and its cross-country differences based on social expenditures. To estimate the law in time, Nadaraya-Watson kernel estimation is employed, which has not been applied to Okun's law in any previous study. Thus, to assess the robustness of the model, the statistical testing of hypotheses is used to evaluate the time-varying coefficients. The analysis is executed on OECD countries between 1995 and 2019, and the results are mainly in line with the previous literature. Periods with higher GDP growth and lower unemployment rates, on average, tend to have higher Okun's coefficients. Moreover, cross-country comparison reports the tendency of countries with, on average lower unemployment spending and higher GDP per capita to exhibit higher Okun's coefficients.
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The analysis of government measures in the road safety and economic impacts caused by traffic accidents in years 2009 - 2014 in Czech republic
Šurýn, Dominik ; Štípek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Lukášová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the road safety since 2009 till 2014 in the Czech Republic and especially from the perspective of executed government measures and the economic damage caused by traffic accidents. The theoretical part is characterized by factors, institutions and strategies affecting road safety. Further it is analyzed the method of calculating economic losses from road accidents. The practical part contains the evaluation of the development of the road safety from the perspective of faults, types and consequences of accidents. Following the previous chapter the next part of the thesis identifies what government measures help to improve road safety and what measures on the contrary are ineffective. Afterwards, it is calculated production losses, social costs and total economic losses from road accidents in 2014, that helps to understand the meaning of the research questions. The benefit of the work is to evaluate the development of the road safety, government measures and economic impacts in this period and to detail the quantification of economic losses, which affect a large rate of the state budget.
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Determinants of Social Expenditure Levels in the EU
Roženský, Vojtěch ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Izák, Vratislav (referee) ; Nemec, Juraj (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to identify the determiants of social expenditure levels in EU member states and estimate the sensitivities. The analysis is based on the fixed effects model with robust standard errors. Seven out of the 24 variables, that have been tested, are statistically significant. Social expenditure levels are positively dependent on population ageing, unemployment rate and economic level, and negatively on economic growth. The openness of economy and public debt ratio are also robust. The presence of a christian party in government is also statistically significant, however, the coefficient is not theoretically consistent. The sensitivity of social expenditure level to the share of population aged 65 years and over on the total population, is about 0,30. It means, that on average, the rise in the share of the old by 1 percentage point, is followed by the rise of social expenditure level by 0,3% of the GDP. In case of unemployment rate, economic growth and the openness of economy, the sensitivity estimates are 0,3, -0,1 and -0,03. The sensitivities to the other three robust variables cannot be quantified due to a strong dependence on the exact model specification or a bias, caused by extreme values. The expenditure on pensions are relatively more dependent on population ageing, whereas other social expenditure are more sensitive to current position in economic cycle. The determinants in the old and the new EU member states are similar, with only one exception, as the expenditure levels in the new member states are less dependent on demographic structure. The model explains international differences and the changes during the period between 1990 and 2010.
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Analysis of expenditure of the state budget of The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic and reform basis for social expenditures area
Kodejšová, Martina ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Klazar, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore and describe expenditures of The Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. As part of the analysis overall trend of development expenditures in the period 2005 - 2010 and the proportion of individual types of expenditures related to that trend was monitored and development trends transfers with regard to the idea of "sustainability of public finances" was explored. Furthermore systemic reform basis for social expenditures area are suggested. First part of paper is focused on theoretical definition of basic terms of social policy, social security and public spending. In subsequent parts of this thesis, expenditures of the state budget of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs are analyzed based on obtained data with an emphasis on monitoring of the developmental trend of total expenditures and the proportion of each type of expenditures. The last part is focused on summarization and evaluation of previous study and based on obtained information possible changes in that area are suggested.
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Solidarity nad Social Justice in Society
Kankrlík, Tomáš ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Kubelková, Karina (referee)
The paper focuses on the welfare state, which is enjoying the favor on the one hand and facing the strong criticism on the other hand. The work aims to assess the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the GDP growth in the selected European countries, namely Sweden, Germany and Great Britain. Within the solution of this question the work focuses first on the theory of the welfare state and the state intervention approaches applied in the exercise of social policy. Further the work points to the adverse effects of the social policy. In the applied part the paper analyzes the countries in terms of the structure of social expenditures, their share in GDP and the GDP growth in the period. The paper focuses particularly on the relationship of the share of social expenditures in GDP and the GDP growth. In all three cases the demonstration of the dependence of observed variables based on correlation analysis failed. At the conclusion the work provides evaluation of the relationship of the social expenditure share in GDP and the unemployment rate, where the dependence of both indicators was confirmed.
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Comparison of European social models in terms of their sustainability
Trousilová, Jana ; Durdisová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Křížek, Josef (referee)
Social policy in individual EU countries are different, but at it's core based on the sharing of basic, social and human values. Based on the level of state involvement in social practice to differentate free respectively four ideal types of social policy defined by Esping-Andersen. There are specific indicators such as economic growth, unemployment rate or the level of social expenditure, which can identify different types and distinguish between the level of state particition. The aim of my work is to analyze the European social model and social behavior of states distinguished by thedifferent models they use (Sweden, Germany, Great Britain and Spain). Defined by the European social model, at a certain abstraction of identifying the essential characteristics of social policy in seleted European countries in order to determine which intellectual concept in the typology of social policy is the closest.
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Welfare state: Crisis and Perspectives
Černá, Pavlína ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kučerová, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the crisis of the welfare state, which is causing problems in the public finance and deteriorating economic situation in many countries. Compares two groups of similar economic level OECD countries which spend the highest and the lowest social expenditure in percentage of GDP. Observes differences in their economic and demographic situation. The thesis also deals with the causes of the crisis and provides an example of successful economic reform, which significantly reduced growth of the welfare state and started a very successful economic period. The results of the analysis and the example of the reform provide some proposals for the welfare state cisis solution throught liberal way.
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Public Expenditures in the EU Countries
Kus, Martin ; Dvořák, Pavel (advisor) ; Hejlek, Jan (referee)
Dimension and structure development analysis of the public expenditures in countries of the EU focused on social expenditures. Social protecture, social security systems and their financing. Developement of the social quota and analysis the relationship between social quota and public debt in countries of the EU.
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Economics growth and social spending - a causal relationship?
Hák, Jiří ; Poláková, Olga (advisor) ; Škop, Vladislav (referee)
This paper aims to explore the relationship of social spending and the economic development of the country or region. Work in the first, theoretical part deals with basic theories of economic growth and their view of the state expenditure on social policy. Due attention is also paid to the basic concepts and types of social policies that significantly affect the size of social spending in the marketing area. As part of the theoretical work will be fundamental characteristics of the measuring instruments for economic growth and social spending. In the second, analytical, part of the thesis will deal with empirical data comparing the economic development with the evolution of the size of social spending in several selected countries. The analysis of this part of the work will be characteristic of otherfactors, the relationship of economic growth and social spending determine, influence, and to some extent and explain, such as unemployment, public revenues and public state debt.
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První československá republika sociální stát? Za jakou cenu?
Kubínová, Pavla ; Soběhart, Radek (advisor) ; Stellner, František (referee)
Práce se zabývá chatakteristikou československé poválečné společnosti v letech 1918-1926. Konkrétně se zaměřuje na vliv politických stran a hospodářských elit a jejich postoj k sociálním reformám. Další část popisuje přijaté zákony v sociální sféře a snaží se zhodnotit jejich vliv v ekonomické a sociální oblasti. Následuje analýza veřejných finací, jejímž cílem je posoudit vliv sociálních výdajů na státní rozopočet a odpovědět na otázku, jakou byly tyto výdaje zátěží pro veřejné fianance, jakým způsobem stát řešil jejich financování a jakou zátěž představovaly do dalších let? Nakonec se práce zabývá měnovou politikou v prvních poválečných letech, jejíž pojetí významně ovlivňovalo sociální sféru a celou hospodářskou politiku.
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