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Possibilities of elimination of residual ammonia content from technological water in power plants
Hajzler, Jan ; Bartoníčková, Eva (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
This master thesis aims to study the possibilities of eliminating, or separation of ammonium shares from technological water of plants, where is introduced a secondary method of flue gas denitrification (SCR, SNCR). The need for elimination of ammonium shares arose after introduction of emission cap, which have been tightened since January 2015. The denitrification technologies were installed on devices that did not comply with the new limits. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the description of combustion processes, as a fluid, and high temperature combustion of solid fuels, mechanisms of emissions and their reduction options. At the conclusion of the theoretical part is discussed the contents of the ammoniacal nitrogen in waters used in electricity and heating facilities to transport, or from which are separated by solid products of some processes such as desulphurization. There are also discussed some options for removal of ammonium salts from technological waters. Experimental part deals with finding appropriate method of determination of ammoniacal nitrogen, and the possibilities of its elimination by conversion to insoluble compound. Last but not least, the work deals with the evaluation of the sustainability of the proposed solutions. And as well as the real possibilities of their application in practice.
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Modelling and Design of the IC`s ESD Protection Structures
Běťák, Petr ; Sládek,, Petr (referee) ; Bartoň,, Zdeněk (referee) ; Musil, Vladislav (advisor)
The thesis introduces new semiconductor structures that are used as protections against Electrostatic Discharge occuring in integrated circuits. The fundamental structure for modeling and simulation has been lateral Silicon Controlled Rectifier. This SCR structure has been modificated to enable tuning of the triggering and holding voltages by changing geometrical mask dimensions. On the base of modeling and simulation the new proposed structures have been published. Also several protection structures have been designed to be manufactured and measured on a testchip. The final electrical behavior has been verified by measurement. Finally, the focus has been aided to protection circuit with bipolar transistor. This approach has been also simulated and verified by measurement. Advantages and disadvantages of the proposed protection structures are commented in the thesis.
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Optimization of Bosch DNOX 5.x Pump Module Testing Matrix
Friedl, Michal ; De Bernardi, Olivier (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá optimalizáciou validačných testov pre produkt firmy Robert Bosch určený na úpravu výfukových plynov vznetových motorov, tzv. Denoxtronic 5.x, konkrétne jeho najkomplikovanejšiu časť – Pump Module. Zhrnutím a analyzovaním porúch objavujúcich sa v reálnej prevádzke tak poskytuje spätnú väzbu pre oddelenie vývoja a navrhuje, akým mechanizmom by mali byť v budúcnosti validačné testy optimalizované.
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Treatment of flue gas polluted by NOx II
Jedlička, Filip ; Jecha, David (referee) ; Dvořák, Radek (advisor)
My master’s thesis deals with the problems of NOx abatement that are included in flue gases. The accent is put on combined flue gases treatment throug ceramic candles, where the deposited catalyst enables NOx reduction throug the method of selective catalytic reduction. The main aim of my master’s thesis has been the design of experimental equipment for current removal of gas pollutants (dioxins, VOC and NOx) and fly-ash on catalitic ceramic candle. Design of experimental equipment consisted in the calculation of basic characteristics like pipe diameter, filtration chamber diameter, heater performance etc. During the design it was necessary to build pressure drop model that was split into head loss of ceramic candle and piping system. For the evaluation of experimentally measured data and for description of ongoing catalytic reaction in various operating conditions was made prediction model of catalytical filter. The last chapter deals with planned experimental testings.
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Possibilities of using classical fly ashes after the introduction of selective non-catalytic reduction
Beranová, Denisa ; Šoukal, František (referee) ; Opravil, Tomáš (advisor)
The master thesis deals with possibilities of utilization of conventional power plant fly ash after introduction of SNCR (Selective non-catalytic reduction) as a method of flue gas denitrification. Behaviour of fly ash containing products of denitrification, ash with water and stabilizate prepared from contaminated ash was studied. Experiments were focused on the study of various factors affecting the release of ammonia from prepared mixtures. Samples were exposed to the weather conditions to simulate deposition in addition to the laboratory experiment. Influence of the fly ash containing denitrification to mechanical properties and volume stability of pastes and mortars were also studied. The interaction of denitrification products with superplasticizers was studied on pastes. Achieved results were verified on concretes.
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Technology of Selective Catalytic Reduction
Kudlík, Michael ; Janoušek, Michal (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on technology of selective catalytic reduction. The technology was created as a result of introduction of strict emission limits which manufacturers with this technology reach. First part of this thesis deal with the composition of the exhaust gases, where are dismembered the various elements, and then are given here the European emission limits.Then is thesis focused on ways of reducing emissions of diesel engines which describes the function of exhaust gas recirculation and a function of selective catalytic reduction. Then are described development systems selective catalytic reduction. The conclusion consists of the use and application of Automobile Manufacturers.
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Technology of Selective Catalytic Reduction for Passenger Cars
Jurík, Juraj ; Janoušek, Michal (referee) ; Dundálek, Radim (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis describes the selective catalytic reduction technology. It concerned of reducing nitrogen oxides in diesel engines. It describes components of the technology, their function and location in system. in first chapter there are described harmful substances of exhaust gas in connection with this technology. Second chapter contains description of emission standards. Next chapters are describing selective catalytic reduction and solutions of some manufacturers.
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Reduction of NOx emissions using ceramic filter
Rubišar, Václav ; Niesner, Jakub (referee) ; Jedlička, Filip (advisor)
My bachelor's thesis deals with the problém of NOX reduction which is present in the flue gases. First is the description of all major types of NOX and are given their chemical properties. It is mentioned and their impact on human health and the mechanism of their formation. Furthermore, they presented all the major methods by which today achieves the reduction of nitrogen oxides from flue gases and waste gases, especially the method of selective catalytic reduction. That can be achieved in several ways - for example by using ceramic candles or fabric filters. Each of these methods is also listed with main advantages and disadvantages. Part of this work will become familiar with experimental filtration unit INTEQ II designed for selective catalytic reduction of NOX, a description of its function and a simple calculation of pressure losses in the ceramic candle.
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Vliv jízdního režimu nákladního vozidla na spotřebu vodného roztoku močoviny v systému selektivní katalytické redukce
Marek, Vít
This thesis titled Impact of driving mode on urea consumption describes the influence between different drive modes and conditions of urea injection into the selective catalytic reduction system. The first half of the thesis deals with the theoretical part. Introduction deals with the theory of formation of harmful pollution in exhaust emissions, the effects of pollutants and legislative regulations. There are also explained key parts of different systems, reduction of harmful exhaust gas components . The main emphasis is put on the selective catalytic reduction. Other chapters are devoted to the methodology and testing procedures . The aim of this thesis is a presentation of the system regulation, its pros and cons under various operational modes.
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