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Obstructionism in Czech Legislative Process
Kubný, Adam ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
This Diploma Thesis deals with obstructions within the legislative process of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, more precisely in hearings at the Lower House. The aim of the thesis is to describe the phenomenon of obstructions and their importance in the legislative process. In the beginning, the author establishes three basic research questions, which he then tries to answer through quantitative methods. Firstly, the author answers the question whether either site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often. Secondly, he inquires whether there are any differences between the obstructions of a right-wing or a left-wing party. Finally, the author aims to clarify if the long-established parties in the Chamber of Deputies have an advantage in the practice of obstructions and thus are more successful in it than new parties are. The text is divided into three separate chapters with a logical structure starting from theoretical themes and continuing with an empirical analysis. The first part, which is purely theoretical, is followed by a chapter dealing with the legislative process which can be considered as a transition between the theoretical and empirical parts. The following chapter is based on empiricism and analyses stenographic records and interviews with the representatives of political parties. The carried out analyses suggest that it is impossible to state clearly which site of the ideological spectrum tends to use the tactic of obstruction more often, as in the majority of cases parties using this tactic find themselves in the opposition. However, while obstructing, both left-wing and right-wing parties use almost identical tools. Ultimately, it can be stated that parties represented in the House of Deputies for a long period are not more successful in practicing obstructions than other parties, even though they use strategies that are more sophisticated.
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Voting analysis of the Chamber of Deputies
Zubatý, Radek ; Vrabec, Michal (advisor) ; Řezanková, Hana (referee)
Objective of this thesis is cluster analysis of political parties and individual politicians in Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. In theoretical part, legislative process in Czech Republic is explained and political situation in Chamber of Deputies is described. Also cluster analysis theory is explained. In practical part, firstly, cluster analysis of political parties was performed, than of individual members of parliament. The furthest neighbor and Ward's methods were used in this part. On the basis of discovered facts, it's possible to confirm compactness of coalition and also of conservative opposition. In specific political parties, as most united behave TOP 09 members and least ČSSD members of parliament.
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Electoral System to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Voclová, Karolína ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the formation and the development of the electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic, with a focus on the impact of the decisions of the Constitutional Court on the current variables of an electoral system. The first part (the theoretical one) offers an explanation of the main terms used in the area of electoral systems. It especially deals with a classification of electoral systems by presenting the two main families of the electoral systems. Furthermore, an explanation of the basic terms used in the area of electoral systems is provided. The two main formulas for a seat allocation to parties are explained. The second part of the thesis is broader. It concentrates on the electoral system used in the Czech Republic for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. First of all, it pays attention to the formation of a constitutional provision concerning the electoral system. After that, it examines the electoral law relating to elections to the Czech Parliament, taking into account amendments of this piece of legislation. This part of the thesis also provides an in depth analysis of the decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court relating to the dimensions of the electoral law. Moreover, extensive parts are devoted not only to the implemented reforms of the electoral systems, but also to the ones that were not put into practice. Finally, recent proposals for amendments of the variables of the electoral systems are mentioned and evaluated.
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Position and strategy of opposition in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Křičková, Kateřina ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis analyses the position and strategy of the opposition in the Parliament. The thesis also provides an international comparison within the Visegrad Group (The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia). Main attention is paid to the opposition in the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate which factors affect behavior of opposition and how the strategy of opposition differs in the Parliament. The thesis deals with behavior of representatives of political parties with low coalition potential and with options which opposition can use in relation to the government.
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Possibilities of Legislative Procedure Reform in the Chamber of Deputies: Study 1.182
Syllová, Jindřiška
Práce předkládá varianty pro zklidnění legislativního procesu v České republice. První možností zklidnění legislativního procesu je omezení práva podávat pozměňovací návrhy. Toto právo patří ke všeobecně uznávaným prerogativám členů parlamentu. Vyplývá z jejich práva zákonodárné iniciativy. Řada parlamentů však definuje přesné podmínky pro podávání pozměňovacích návrhů, což zefektivňuje zákonodárný proces a činí jej transparentnějším. Druhou možností je zavedení pravidla, podle kterého každý pozměňovací návrh podaný ve druhém čtení musí být projednán ve výboru. Toto pravidlo by podstatně prodloužilo projednávání návrhu zákona. Pokud by projednávání ve výboru probíhalo stejně jako při projednávání návrhu zákona po prvním čtení, tedy včetně pozvání zástupce vlády a dalších činitelů, vyžadovalo by to změnu harmonogramu schůzí Poslanecké sněmovny a musel by být změněn jednací řád Poslanecké sněmovny. Práce se dále zabývá také nálezem Ústavního soudu o tzv. přílepcích. V souladu s tímto nálezem je třeba uvažovat o zákazu přílepků. Zakotvení zákazu přílepků v sobě nese dva základní problémy. Prvním z nich je formulace přílepku, tedy vyjádření souvislosti pozměňovacího návrhu k návrhu zákona. Druhým podstatně důležitějším problémem je to, kdo bude rozhodovat o tom, jak ustanovení vykládat. V praxi jednacích řádů existuje řada pokusů o formulování přílepků, jediným relativně úspěšným státem (když vyloučíme USA, viz příloha práce) je Francie. Její úspěch v určení přílepků vychází z toho, že kompatibilitu pozměňovacího návrhu se zněním jednacího řádu posuzuje (resp. Může posuzovat) Ústavní rada. Přemíře pozměňovacích návrhů se ve skutečnosti úspěšně čelí jen ve státech, kde je zvyklostí kázeň poslanců vládních koalic (Španělsko, Portugalsko, Nizozemsko, částečně Švédsko), a kde poslanci obvykle nejdou navrhovanými pozměňovacími návrhy proti své vládě. Zároveň i jednací řád je v těchto státech vůči podávání pozměňovacích návrhů velmi přísný. Studie obsahuje i přehled dalších možností jak legislativní proces zklidnit a obsahuje přehled řešení této problematiky v zahraničních jednacích řádech.
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Professionalization of the exercise of deputy's mandate in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Zákoutská, Eva ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The Diploma Thesis is focused on the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic and its professionalization. The Thesis solves question about stable extent of the professionally experienced and professional politicians in Chamber of Deputies and its organs by using professionalization factors to the Czech Chamber of Deputies. Furthermore the thesis is focused on material processing and information security of deputies which are provided by the Chamber of Deputies to perform parliamentary duties professionally and full time.
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Stability of Incumbents in the Parliament of the Czech Republic
Mareček, Jan Lukáš ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Kuta, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the personal stability of the Czech Parliament in the period after 1993 when the Czech Republic was founded. The author assumes a better orientation in both organizational and procedural issues of reelected representatives. The aim of this thesis is to explore what factors have influenced the rate of reelection of MPs and Senators and how these are subsequently reflected in the personal structure of both Chambers. Using a quantitative analysis, the author tests the hypothesis that the rate of reelection will be higher in the Senate due to the majority voting system which is more personalized than the proportional one used in the Chamber of Deputies. The hypothesis was tested in the Committees analogically. Furthermore, the author tests if the current level of voter turnout influences the final election results and the rate of reelection, respectively. The text is divided into three chapters. The thesis is composed of a common structure heading from a theoretical background towards empirical analysis.
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A field trip into the Parliament of the Czech Republic as a part of civics lessons
ŠPANĚLOVÁ, Kristýna
My Master?s thesis will be dealing with a field trip into the Parliament of the Czech Republic as a part of civics lessons in the 6th to the 9th grade of a primary school. It emphasises the meaning of field trips, their organization and it describes possible difficulties which the organizer can get into. The first part focuses on a political system in the Czech Republic with emphasis on general power division in the land. Its aim is to monitor the evolution of legislative power in Czech lands in the 20th century. The second part deals with a teaching method of a field trip as a progressive teaching method which has been out of interest of pedagogy and didactics. In the third part the emphasis is put on the preparation, accomplishment and consequent evaluation of the field trips into the Parliament of the Czech Republic in a form of a case study. It gives instructions for their organisation and mentions basic data about the running of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. It also analyses how much the field trip can supplement theoretical knowledge of the pupils gained in the civics lessons. The aim is to deal with the experience from a direct contact with the observed reality from the point of view of the 6th to the 9th grade primary school pupils. Diploma thesis can be used as a methodical tool for pedagogues of civics lessons to organise field trips into the Parliament of the Czech Republic.
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An analysis of the results of Parliamentary Elections in the Czech Republic
Kopecká, Barbora ; Kalčevová, Jana (advisor) ; Kuncová, Martina (referee)
The election to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic took place in 2010. The theses focuses on examining of pre-election polls and election results themselves using some knowledge of game theory and public choice theory. The work describes in detail the methodology of processing election results as it works in the Czech Republic at present. Pre-election polls of selected survey agencies are compared and evaluated here. Further the theses uses an alternative approach to the distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies, with a focus on possible impact on the election results both in terms of the different distribution of seats, and in terms of the subsequent formation of possible coalitions. There are also discussed all possible coalitions which were suggested after the elections in 2010.
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FRANTIŠEK MACHNÍK - The life of Agrarian politician and minister of the national defence
KOPECKÝ, Lukáš
Submitted diploma thesis brings the life fates of František Machník, last political minister of the national defence of the first Czechoslovak republic. He was one of the political symbols of the army in 30´s as the representative of the Agrarian party. He soon found that the possible new army conflict among nations could be very real. The whole European effort of keeping Versailles´ peace system was absolutely desperate. Machník became propagator of the nation´s military ability, he popularized the army in the public view and he inspired thousands of people for her. He gave her technic and institutional laws. He was interested in the financial support of the building of the border´s fortification. This diploma work tries as first to map Machník´s life from the very beginnings over his studies, teacher´s and school director´s career and MP activities. It looks on his early enter to the Agrarian party and his work for Agrarian academics. The three - years ministerial career emphasizes two important moments - the law of the national defence and Machník´s decree. WWII brought him first suffering - the Gestapo investigation and then he was sentenced to death and this was changed to life imprisonment. The author of this work is also interested in Machník´s postwar investigation and trial by the National Court in the year 1947. It was followed with the communistic trial in 1952 and 5 years imprisonment. The end of the thesis concentrates on the sad Machník´s retirement after the amnesty in 1953.
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