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Tin and his species in the environment
Bušinová, Markéta ; Moos, Martin (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Presented bachelor thesis is background research on tin and his species in the environment. Mainly deals with the effects of inorganic and organic compounds of tin on elements of environment. The work resumes accessible information about properties of tin and his compounds, entry of tin and his compounds into the elements of environment, cycle and occurrence of tin speciation in water, soils, sediments and biological materials.
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Correlation of Thermoanalytical Data with Primary Properties of Humified Substrata
Kislinger, Jiří ; Šimon, Peter (referee) ; Tesařová, Marta (referee) ; Schaumann, Gabriele (referee) ; Pekař, Miloslav (advisor)
Tato dizertační práce je napsána jako termoanalytická studie humifikovaných substrátů, tj. huminových látek a půdních vzorků, získaných z několika různých zdrojů tak, aby byl pokryt co nejširší rozsah primárních charakteristik. Práce hledá lineární korelace (s využitím Pearsonova korelačního koeficientu) mezi kinetikou termo-oxidační degradace (sledovanou pomocí termogravimetrie (TGA) a vyjádřenou konverzním časem stanoveným neizotermickou izokonverzní metodou) a standardními charakteristikami, jako je množství aromatického a karboxylového uhlíku přítomného v huminových látkách stanoveného spektroskopií nukleární magnetické rezonance (NMR). Hlavním cílem této práce je objasnit proces termo-oxidační degradace humifikované části přírodní organické hmoty a hledat závislosti mezi primární a sekundární strukturou huminových látek. Dalším úkolem je nalezení korelace mezi termogravimetrickým úbytkem hmotnosti půdních vzorků a jejich mikrobiální stabilitou měřenou v laboratorních experimentech jakožto půdní respirace (tedy uvolňování oxidu uhličitého). Účelem je zjistit, zdali vzájemné propojení vůbec existuje, a objasnit jaké druhy procesů, které provázejí půdní respiraci, je možné jednoduše odhalit pomocí TGA. Výsledky práce skýtají detailnější pohled na termickou analýzu půdních vzorků a jiných humifikovaných materiálů. Hlavním přínosem této práce je prezentace vyskytujících se aplikací termické analýzy pro charakterizaci půdní organické hmoty a dále také příspěvek k rozvoji aplikací technik termické analýzy v půdní vědě.
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Assessment of soils and sediments contamination by heavy metals in the region Jihlava river
Marek, Milan ; Adamec, Vladimír (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with a potential contamination of hazardous metals of soil and sediments. The metals cadmium, copper, lead and mercury were chosen, their specification, limited concentration and methods of determination are also described in thesis. City Jihlava and its surroundings were chosen for evaluating pollution of the soil and sediments in this area. In collected samples of the soil and sediments presence of copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected via atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, ET-AAS, AMA 254). The metal pollution of soils and sediments by hazardous elements in Jihlava River and in Jihlava region was evaluated.
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Study of the effect of fertilizer containing wheat bran on lettuce growth
Smrčková, Kamila ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
The aim of the work was to perform growth experiments on a laboratory scale with soil, which was enriched with 2,5 vol. % of wheat bran/coffee grounds/biochar and to study soil and growth characteristics on Lactuca sativa L. The coffee grounds were added raw or modified by oxidation/extraction. Phytotoxic properties of coffee grounds were confirmed by germination tests, although there was an effort to reduce the content of phenolic substances by oxidation /extraction. Soil additives caused an increase in content of organic matter, water capacity, pH and conductivity of all mixtures compared to the control soil. Elemental analysis of soils before cultivation did not show any positive effect on the content of mineral elements compared to the control soil. On the other hand, higher mineral (P, Mg, Ca, K, Mn, Fe, Cu and Al) content compared to soil was recorded cultivation experiments. Chlorophyll a was the most abundant in cultivated plants and reached the lowest concentration in plants grown in a mixture with EXKS. Salads differed in mineral content, too. Salads with the highest content of phosphorus were growed on the mixture BU+OT+PŮDA. On the contrary, content of potassium is salads was negatively affected by mixture with EXKS. Microelements (Fe, Zn, Al, Cu, Cr and Mn) were most affected in the salad by the addition of raw coffee grounds and OXKS2.
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Assessment the impact of the application of excavated sediments from the dam Luhačovice on the content of risk elements in arable soil
Kratěnová, Pavla ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Řezáčová, Veronika (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on an issue concerning an excavated sediment application on an arable soil and its impact on the soil quality based on a particular case of a deposition of the sediment from the dam Luhačovice on an adjacent agricultural area. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on a soil and sediment characteristics and functions, contained risk elements, sampling methods, determination possibilities of particular risk elements and a description of conditions which emerged from a need for the deposition of sediment obtained during scavenging of the dam Luhačovice. In the experimental part was described the process of sampling, samples processing and determining of concentration values for chosen risk elements (Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb) using flame or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry methods. This part also contains an evaluation of obtained results and a validation of an approval for the sediment deposition.
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Development of methods for fast soil analysis
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
The submitted diploma thesis aims to extend the use of thermogravimetry for the analysis of organic C and total N contents in soils. The advantages of thermogravimetry in comparison to conventional analytical methods are that it is a versatile technique that provides fast analysis, does not require sample pretreatment and chemicals– and can be used for the analysis of various soil types. The research work performed so far showed correlations between thermogravimetric data and some soil properties. In the past, intact soils exposed to 76% relative humidity (RH) were analyzed by thermogravimetry for these purposes. However, this humidity is problematic to achieve and maintain for most thermogravimeters. Recent work has shown that correlations can be observed in agricultural land exposed to lower RH. Therefore, it can be assumed that a correlation between TG data exists in soils exposed to any RH. TG could then be used to analyze soil properties under any known RH conditions. The aim of this work was to verify this hypothesis and try to incorporate knowledge of RH into the relationships between TG and soil properties. For this reason, intact soils exposed to the relative humidity of 30, 55, and 76% were analyzed in this work. It was demonstrated the dependence between organic C content and mass loss between 320 and 330°C as well as total nitrogen content and mass loss between 410 and 420°C independently of relative humidity. Based on that knowledge, we have derived equations enabling determination of the content of organic C and total N for RH ranging 43% - 76% using mass losses and knowledge of RH. Nevertheless, due to the low number of tested RH, the equations are still only preliminary and need to be improved by analyzing soil samples at a larger number of RH.
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Presence of heavy metals near the way Rudná
Chovanec, Petr ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
These diploma thesis is focused on assessment of hazardous metals in soils near the road Rudná in Ostrava. Seventeen sampling sites have been chosen along this road, samples from this sites were collected in three series. The amounts of mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, vanadium and manganese were determined. There was also assessed contamination of selected sites using contamination factor and degree of contamination.
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Isolation and characterization of the soil gels
Kundera, Ondřej ; Pekař, Miloslav (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The aim of this study are the gel-creative components in soil, mainly the isolation and characterization using electron microscopy and available analytical methods like FT-IR spectrometry, elementary and thermogravimetric analysis. The knowledge from this study may help to define function and significance of this gels to soils and nature. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with humic substances which are, according to published articles so far, expected to play an important role in the formation of the soil gels. The experimental part solves especially the optimization of the method of isolation soil gels and his further characterization.
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Aromatic substances of wine
Stávková, Markéta ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Ruibar, Jiří (advisor)
This bacherols thesis consists of two parts, of theoretical part and practical part. The theoretical part delimits wine-producing regions in Czech republic, explains growing of grapevine. The thesis is concerned with the soil classification, amount of mineral element and decribes the quality and aroma of a wine. It´s briefly concerned with bouquet of wine during wine production. Deals with chemical changes in must during fermentation using yeast. The practical part is concerned with soil analysis of vineyard Rajhradské Klášterní. The goal of this experimental part was to finding out amout of mineral elements in samples and their comparison between the four vineyard. Aromatics are analyzed by gas chromatography and sensory analysis.
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The development of a TGA-MS based method for determination of microplastics in soils
Šilhánková, Lenka ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Plasty, pronikající do životního prostředí ať už neúmyslně či záměrně, mohou být fragmentovány za vzniku částic v řádu mikrometrů (tzv. mikroplastů) a znečišťovat tak půdní systémy. Doposud vyvinuté analýzy pro stanovení mikroplastů v půdách jsou především zaměřeny na kvalitativní stanovení, nicméně i jejich provedení se zatím stále potýká s různými úskalími. Navíc, téměř všechny tyto analýzy vyžadují časově náročnou předúpravu vzorku. V této studii jsme se zaměřili na vývoj nové analytické metody pro kvantitativní stanovení mikroplastů polyvinylchloridu (PVC) a polystyrenu (PS) v půdách bez předchozí úpravy vzorku pomocí termogravimetrické analýzy spojené s hmotnostní spektrometrií (TGA-MS). Pro analýzu byly použity vzorky modelové půdy s nízkým obsahem organického uhlíku, které byly spikovány na výslednou koncentraci 0,23–7 hm% PVC či PS. Vzorky byly pyrolyzovány s teplotním krokem 5 K min–1 až na teplotu 1000 °C. Pyrolýzní plynné produkty byly následně analyzovány s využitím hmotnostního spektrometru. Získaná data byla normalizována pomocí externího standardu (šťavelan vápenatý). Limity detekce se pohybovaly v rozmezí 0,08–5,3 hm% pro PVC a 0,005–0,7 hm% pro PS v závislosti na zvoleném m/z. Limity kvantifikace pak byly 0,3–17,7 hm% pro PVC a 0,002–2,2 hm% pro PS. Výsledky dokazují, že spojení TGA-MS může být konkurující semikvantitativní metodou pro stanovení mikro-PVC a mikro-PS v půdě s nízkým obsahem organického uhlíku.
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