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Emerson's influence on women in works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Teršová, Tereza ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
Due to its emphasis on the concepts of self-reliance, inner guidance and the aboriginal Self, Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy elaborates theses that favor the individual over community, such as the superiority and sanctity of self-definition, as opposed to definitions constructed by society and imposed on the individual. It is possible, then, to perceive his philosophy as important for the formation of the Women's Rights Movement and for the emerging feminism. In his four romances, Nathaniel Hawthorne creates female protagonists who advocate for women's right to self-reliance as Emerson describes it. Hawthorne's heroines can be understood and interpreted as contemplating the Emersonian principles, thus illustrating the connection between Emerson's philosophy, and themes and motifs present in Hawthorne's romances. Related to Hawthorne's portrayal of the heroines' reflections on the concepts of inner guidance, the aboriginal Self, moral dereliction and self-reliance is Hawthorne's attitude toward the relationship between "womanhood" and "femininity" on one side, and "manhood" and "masculinity" on the other side. The ambivalence of woman, as depicted by Hawthorne, consists in the discrepancy between attributes traditionally associated with "femininity", such as devotion, affection and humility, and the will...
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Social Meanings of Male Beards
Dubová, Diana ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Hrůzová, Andrea (referee)
Social meanings of male beards Abstract The study focuses on male beard modification, primarily on the significance of beard in the society and beard's ability of social communication. The study is based on the theory of first impression and categorization; male beards are regarded as source of conflictual and cooperative action. Theoretical part draws on previous research about attributed characteristics of beard, fashion and social communication of beard in the past, especially on the European continent, where beards communicated ethnicity, social status, gender and generational distances, sympathy and antipathy to the current events and values. Furthermore, the thesis concentrates on social communication of beard in the present and its perception in the society. Empirical part is based on a questionnaire survey and answers to the question which characteristics are currently attributed to male beard modification in the Czech Republic. Final findings confirm that beards are perceived as symbol of masculinity, dominance and social maturity, clean shaved face and face with mustache or goatee, taken as signs of conformity, are generally well-received, while faces with stubble receive negative ratings.
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Gender Differences in Selected Works of Ernest Hemingway
Čížková, Markéta ; Veselá, Pavla (advisor) ; Ulmanová, Hana (referee)
During his life, Ernest Hemingway was not only surrounded by many ambitious women but he also witnessed the change in women's social positions in society. It is observable in his works that Hemingway's own experiences with gender issues affected his life and his literary output as well. Thus this thesis focuses on the issue of gender differences in selected novels of Ernest Hemingway. Its aim is to describe and analyze the author's characterization of his male heroes and their female counterparts in the following novels: A Farewell to Arms, The Sun Also Rises and For Whom the Bell Tolls. Even though it might seem that Hemingway's heroes are generally known for being very "masculine" types, they are often, as the thesis argues, under the influence of female characters. Moreover, although it might seem that women are not important for Hemingway's stories due to the fact that his heroes are depicted as strong and independent men who do not need women, it is the other way around since women's presence provides the reader with an ability to see the emotional side of the heroes. Thus an analysis of the individual relationships and their impact on the characters' development is another important part of this thesis. Moreover, Hemingway's works are always connected with his personal experiences and thus...
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Emerson's influence on women in works of Nathaniel Hawthorne
Teršová, Tereza ; Robbins, David Lee (advisor) ; Veselá, Pavla (referee)
Due to its emphasis on the concepts of self-reliance, inner guidance and the aboriginal Self, Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophy elaborates theses that favor the individual over community, such as the superiority and sanctity of self-definition, as opposed to definitions constructed by society and imposed on the individual. It is possible, then, to perceive his philosophy as important for the formation of the Women's Rights Movement and for the emerging feminism. In his four romances, Nathaniel Hawthorne creates female protagonists who advocate for women's right to self-reliance as Emerson describes it. Hawthorne's heroines can be understood and interpreted as contemplating the Emersonian principles, thus illustrating the connection between Emerson's philosophy, and themes and motifs present in Hawthorne's romances. Related to Hawthorne's portrayal of the heroines' reflections on the concepts of inner guidance, the aboriginal Self, moral dereliction and self-reliance is Hawthorne's attitude toward the relationship between "womanhood" and "femininity" on one side, and "manhood" and "masculinity" on the other side. The ambivalence of woman, as depicted by Hawthorne, consists in the discrepancy between attributes traditionally associated with "femininity", such as devotion, affection and humility, and the will...
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