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Avian communities of overgrown wetlands near fishponds in the Třeboň basin
Tuháček, Filip ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Voříšek, Petr (referee)
Wetlands are one of the most unique and threatened biotopes on earth. Encroachment, mainly due to the cessation of traditional management leads to the appearance and spread of shrubs (mostly willows, Salix spp.). ey eventually change the appearance of the wetlands into forest- like habitats. is diploma thesis describes avian communities of overgrown wetlands and compares them with those of non-overgrown wetlands, i.e., reedbeds and low vegetation (mainly sedges, Carex spp.). Although the overgrown wetlands did not have the lowest species and population densities, in comparison with non-overgrown wetlands, the densities of wetland specialists and endangered species, such as Savi's Warbler (Locustella luscinioides), Bluethroat (Luscinia sve- cica), and Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus) were lowest in the willow-dominated wetland compared to non-overgrown. Due to the overgrowth of the wetland, the avian communities are more wo- odland and common bird species, such as Common Chiffchaff (Phylloscopus collybita), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Great Tit (Parus major). We also wanted to investigate and compare the invertebrate biomass in overgrown and non-overgrown wetlands. We wanted to find out how avian communities depend on the food resources in wetlands around the South Bohemian fish ponds....
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Possibilities of stream restoration in urban environment
Zouhar, Radim ; Veselá, Olga (referee) ; Králová, Helena (advisor)
The thesis is focused on the options of stream restoration with its surroundings in a place of nature area „Na Loukách“ in town district „Mokrá Hora“. The thesis also describes current condition and development of the land use of focused area. There is junction of three creeks in the focused area. In part of this area there is not original depth of ground water surface due to adjustment of Rakovec creek. This thesis introduces three options of increasing depth of ground water surface. Evaluation of the current condition of creeks was performed by the HEM method. Hydraulic calculations were made in HEC-RAS program.
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Kvalita vody mokřadu Habřina u Rajhradic
Kejdová, Tereza
This diploma thesis deals with the physicochemical parameters of water quali-ty in the Habřina wetland near Rajhradice from the years 2022 and 2023. The litera-ture review includes definitions of basic concepts such as biotope, biocentre, wetland, and in general, it deals with water in the landscape. It also includes a basic characteri-zation and description of individual physicochemical indicators of water quality. The experimental part focuses on the direct determination and evaluation of 18 water quality parameters. The values were determined from five water samples taken during the period of 2022–2023 in the morning, and subsequent analysis was carried out in the chemical laboratory of the Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology a Beekeeping at Mendel University in Brno. The resulting values were compared with similar locations in the Czech Republic, the Habřina shows a similar level of pollution to ponds with a similar altitude. The studied parameters also indicate the suitability of the wetland Habřina for fish breeding and swimming. According to the concentration of chlorophyll-a during the swimming season, the wetland is suitable for swimming, but the water quality has slightly deteriorated qualities.
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Zhodnocení samočistící schopnosti vodního toku Bítýška
Vítová, Kristýna
The bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality and self-cleaning ability of the Bítýška watercourse in Vysočina. The theoretical part is devoted to the water management legislation of the Czech Republic, water quality including related problems, self-cleaning ability, wetlands and monitored water quality indicators. The next part characterizes the area of interest in terms of natural conditions and hydrology. The practical part describes in detail the collection of water samples, measurement of water quality indicators in the field and laboratory determination of chemical water analysis. The work concludes with an evaluation of the results obtained according to the relevant legislation and discussion. The results of laboratory analysis have demonstrated that the self-cleaning ability of watercourses was exhibited only for half of the monitored period and cannot be unequivocally confirmed. The findings revealed high concentrations of nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand caused especially by draining under-cleaned water from root wastewater treatment plant into the watercourse.
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Soil and hydrological degradation of wetlands
Panocha, Tomáš ; Vlček, Lukáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
The thesis researches the knowledge about soil degradation and the most important soil degradation processes, including desertification, erosion, the impact of agriculture on soils and soil sealing. It also deals with wetlands as ecosystems at the transition between aquatic and terrestrial systems, their definition and delineation, as well as their decline and recovery, which is very important in climate change projections. The chapter on wetlands also includes a section on international conventions and organisations. The work then focuses on wetland types in the Czech Republic and the soil types most commonly found on them, together with their soil-forming processes and water regimes. Last but not least, the thesis tries to find a link between the degradation of wetland ecosystems in relation to changes in the hydrological regime of the surrounding area and the surrounding soils. Keywords: soil degradation, wetland, wetland definition, wetland restoration, wetlands of the Czech Republic
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Monitoring of floodplain vegetation of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava) eight years after a hydric restoration
DEJMEK, David
The thesis is focused on the monitoring of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava) eight years after hydric restoration. The monitoring occurred in 14 permanent quadrats delineated in the open meadow part of the floodplain along three transects. In the studied quadrats, the groundwater level was measured, phytocenological relevés were recorded, and individual species' frequency and total coverage were determined. The results were compared with works by Lazárková (2012), Stachová (2014), Pechačová (2019), and Kratochvílová (2021) from previous years.
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The Jizera Mountains Peatbogs as a Model Biotope for Teaching Ecology
Marelová, Tereza ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor's thesis is the Jizera Mountains peatlands and their use in teaching ecology. The aim of the thesis is to summarize information about the bog as a biotope and use it practically in teaching biology. The thesis is divided into two main parts - the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the peatlands of the Protected Landscape Area of the Jizera Mountains and focuses on the legal demarcation of protected areas. It describes in more detail the local flora and fauna and the definition of the origin, development, importance and use of peat as well as the negative consequences of the extraction of this raw material and the subsequent protection of these areas as a unique natural biotope for many organisms. The second chapter introduces the reader to the general characteristics of ecology and its disciplines, it also focuses on individual relationships between organisms. The last part of the theoretical part of the chapter is focused on the teaching of ecology in elementary school and its concept in the teaching of the second level. The practical part deals with the use of bogs in the teaching of natural history at primary school and presents a proposal for an excursion to one of...
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Role of plants in the greenhouse gas budget of a sedge fen
NOVOTNÁ, Jitka
Wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle because they fix or release carbon dioxide (CO2) and are a source of atmospheric methane (CH4). The dynamics of the exchange of these greenhouse gases is determined mainly by the height and dynamics of water level, temperature and vegetation structure and biomass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of plants with a dominant sedge, Carex acuta, on CO2 and CH4 emissions from a sedge fen on a model site ?The Wet Meadows? near Třeboň. This study included field research using a method of manual emission chambers in order to monitor the differences in the emissions between hummocks with vegetation and hollows without vegetation. In addition, aboveground plant biomass, water level and temperature were followed. The field research was supplemented with a mesocosm experiment in which the influence of water regime on C. acuta biomass production was evaluated. The results of the field research show that water level had a significant effect on CO2 emissions only in the hollows. Soil temperature was an important factor on both micro-sites. The presence and biomass of the plants had a substantial effect on the amounts of CO2 emissions, but only in the second part of the vegetation season, when the plant aboveground biomass reached its seasonal maximum. CH4 emissions were significantly influenced by the water level and its previous dynamics but not by temperature. An important factor was also the presence of sedge hummocks, which vented considerable amounts of CH4 into the atmosphere when their basal parts were flooded. Fairly small amounts of CH4 were mediated by the plants at water levels between -20 cm and the soil surface. A conceptual model has been created for the conditions of 2014 in order to estimate the effect of the C. acuta dominated vegetation of the hummocks on carbon emissions and its balance. The carbon assimilation into plant biomass exceeded not only the carbon emissions mediated by the plants, but also the emissions from the whole hummocks. Approximately 130 g C m-2 per vegetation season was stored into the soil owing to the plants. The mesocosm experiment indicated that the plants of C. acuta formed the greatest belowground biomass as well as total biomass in the limosal ecophase followed by the plants subjected to a spring flood.
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Botanical survey of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, Šumava) six years after a hydrological restoration
SVITAČOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor´s thesis is focused on the monitoring of vegetation of the peatland forest in the floodplain around the Hučina stream, on which hydrological restoration took place in 2013. The aim of the work was to document the flora and habitats six years after the restoration and to compare them with results obtained by Lazárková (2012) before restoration, and Stachová (2015) after the revitalization. The areas in the forest part were divided into three transects, in which the vegetation of the tree, bush, herb and moss layers, respectively, was monitored. The vegetation was documented by description of the coverage and frequency of distribution of different plants species. Additionally, the height of the groundwater level was measured in the respective studied plots. The obtained data can be used for further studies that would map the changes of the vegetation in the studied area of the Hučina floodplain.
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