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Changes of mares milk contents during lactacion
VRÁNOVÁ, Vendula
The objective is to determine the composition of mare´s milk at different stages of lactation and changes in its content that occurs during lactation. Variability of constituents in the milk contents between mares and possible link in the content of individual components of milk was also examined. Average values of contents were found during the five months of lactation: Fat 1.5%, protein 1.62%, lactose 6.55% and dry matter 9.78%. It was found that during lactation fat content decreases from 1.7% to 1.3% and protein content decreases from 1.75% to 1.48%. Lactose and dry matter content is unchanged. A higher coefficient of variation was found in fat and protein (between 16 -17%), lower in lactose and dry matter content (5-6%). Relation was found between protein and fat. On the contrary, no evidence of correlation between protein and lactose content, nor between the fat and lactose content was found.
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Influence of selected plant associations in pasture vegetation on quantity of milk with focus on spectrum of fatty acids in milk fat
BOHÁČOVÁ, Lucie
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasture and pasture vegetation composition on the milk yield and milk fat and protein content in the Czech Fleckvieh cattle kept in the less favorable areas (LFA) during the years 2007 ? 2009. These pasture characteristics were observed: pasture quality defined by the chemical composition of herbage groups, determination and rate of dominant grass types, clover types and herbs and the height of pasture vegetation. Next, the fatty acids spectrum in the milk was analyzed and the effect of forage and grain supplements on the milk fat composition was confirmed.
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The influence of potentially effective herbs from grazing herbage on forage intake and its preservation.
VONDRÁŠKOVÁ, Barbora
The aim of this dissertation was a representation of chemical composition of herb samples, NDF degradability examination by in sacco method and energy evaluation. Degradability of dry matter was also part of results. During the years 2006 and 2007, twenty-four sampling of pasture herbage from three different farms and six sampling of meadow herbage were realized. The other aim of this study was a monitoring of pasture herbage composition in three farms using the seven-member combination scale abundance and dominance Braun-Blanquet. Chemical composition and high of pasture herbage was also determined. The aim of other study was to determine which of two kinds of dicotyledonous plants- Sanguisorba officinalis and Plantago lanceolata added to a meadow hay in amount of 10 % goats prefer. Seven goats of brown shorthaired and white shorthaired breed were used in four preference tests. The other part of this trial was a monitoring the influence of Plantago lanceolata on goat milk composition. There was 45 % of Plantago lanceolata added in a meadow hay for experimental goats.
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Changes in chemical composition of raw cow´s milk during a year
DUŠEK, Aleš
The aim of thesis was to analyze results of raw bulk milk according to these quality indicators: fat content, protein content, urea content, casein content, solids-not-fat (SNF) content, lactose content and freezing point. Data were evaluated from November 2009 through October 2010 at two breedings. Limits given by European Union and czech legislation were keep in both breedings. In first breeding were mediumly means 4,127 g/100g fat, 3,427 g/100g protein, 2,601 mmol/l urea, 2,688 g/100g casein, 9,015 g/100g solids-not-fat, 4,887 g/100g lactose and freezing point -0,5265 °C.In second breeding were mediumly means 4,045 g/100g fat, 3,319 g/100g protein, 2,462 mmol/l urea, 2,603 g/100g casein, , 8,839 g/100g solids-not-fat, 4,828 g/100g lactose and freezing point -0,5246 °C. Results were compared and causes of difference and milk quality variation were explained.
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Qualitative indexes of milk of ewes the Original Valachian
PEŠINOVÁ, Petra
The aim of study was to evaluate milk efficiency of sheep Original Valachian (OV). Observation took place in the period 2006-2009 and were involved 123 ovine. Samples were taken from the morning milking during the months April to August (method ET). Milking proces was realised mechanically. In 84 sheep were known genotypes AA (n = 13), AB (n = 18), BB (n = 53). After evaluation of essential components of ewe{\crq}s milk from flock of lambing ewes OV during lactation were found these average values: Fat (F) 4,90 g.100g-1, crude protein (CP) 5,94 g.100g-1, casein (CAS) 4,40 g.100g-1, serum protein (SP) 1,18 g.100g-1, lactose (L) 5,07 g.100g-1, dry matter (DM) 16,45 g.100g-1, solid not fat (SNF) 11,63 g.100g-1 and utilizable dry matter (UDM) 10,85 g.100g-1. Average daily milk yield of OV was 0,70 l. Effect of stage of lactation was provable on all the indicators in the level of significance 0,001. It was evidenced a statistically significant effect of the control year on the content of SNF (P{<}0,05), on the L (P{<}0,01) and on all other components (P{<}0,001). At comparing milk production OV according to the genetic polymorphism of {$\beta$}-lactoglobulin have been identified probably significant differences in milk yield (P{<}0,05). The highest daily milk yield reached genotype AB (0,76 l.day-1) {>} BB (0,68 l.day-1) {>} AA (0,66 l.day-1). In AB genotype was found the lowest levels of these essential components F, CP, CAS, DM, SNF and UDM. Highly significant effect of genotype was found on content of L (P{<}0,001). The highest content of L was confirmed by genotype BB (5,13 g.100g-1) {>} AB (5,08 g.100g-1) {>} AA (4,91 g.100g-1). Less significant effect was found on SNF (P{<}0,1). The highest average content of SNF was found in genotype BB (11,72 g.100g-1) {>} AA (11,62 g.100g-1) {>} AB (11,54 g.100g-1). In genotype AA was found the highest values of F, CP, CAS, SP, DM. Both genotypes AA, BB showed the same content of DM (16,32 g.100g-1).
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Verification of the effect of rations on goats feed intake and on milk composition
KRÁL, Václav
Goat's milk has many great nutritional properties, which arise from its unique composition. The milk composition is however depending on the composition of the feed diet. The aim of this work is to determine how the diet affects the quantity of milk yield and composition. We also made observations to determine how selected herbs affect the intake of feed rations with goats. The experimental part is divided into three parts. In the first part, we evaluated the impact of selected herbs to income ration with goats. We found that the addition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) increases the amount of food taken. Conversely, an addition of meadow pea (Lathyrus pratensis) decreases the amount of food intake. In the second part, we tested the ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) effect on the milk composition. We found that an addition of this herb in the ration slightly increases daily milk yield. In the third section we monitored a herd of goats on grassland. We evaluated influence of the composition of pasture vegetation and the addition of oats on milk yield and composition. Our conclusion is that the composition of the pasture had a significant impact not only on the basic components of milk, but also on the representation of individual groups of fatty acids. The adding of oats decreases the influence of grazing.
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Quality indicators of goat's milk
SAMOHEJLOVÁ, Kamila
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the quality characteristics of goat milk on choice farm focusing on chemical composition, the assessment of changes during the year, explaining the causes of the differences, where the design procedures to improve the current situation. The quality indicators of the work focused primarily on the content of fat, protein, lactose and milk yield. Sampling was performed in 6 control periods (May - October) during 2009 from 14 goats included in performance tests. The average milk yield in the herd was found 4.48 kilograms. The average percentage of fat was found to 4,15%, protein 3.18% and 4.52% lactose. Found in fat and protein exceed those appearing in the breed standard. Effect of stage of lactation was confirmed (p <0.001) in all monitored parameters.
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Assessment of raw cow milk quality indicators in agricultural enterprise
TIBITANZLOVÁ, Linda
The aim of thesis was to analyze results of raw bulk milk according to these quality indicators: total bacterial count (TBC), somatic cell count (SCC), fat content, protein content, casein content, freezing point, solids-not-fat (SNF) and urea content. Data were evaluated from March 2006 through December 2008 at three farms. All of quality indicators were evaluated in term of farm, year and month. The ANOVA showed a significant effect of farm, year and month on all quality indicators. Limits given by European Union of TBC ({$\leq$}100,000/ml) and SCC ({$\leq$}400,000/ml) were keep in all farms. In first farm were overall means 3.97 % fat, 3.56 % protein, 2.73 % casein percentage, freezing point -0.527 °C, 9.11 % solids-not-fat and 4.8 mmol/l urea. In second farm were overall means 3.89 % fat, 3.47 % protein, 2.68 % casein percentage, freezing point -0.523 °C, 9.01 % solids-not-fat and 3.6 mmol/l urea. In third farm were overall means 3.81 % fat, 3.33 % protein, 2.60 % casein percentage, freezing point -0.522 °C, 8.87 % solids-not-fat and 4.5 mmol/l urea. Results were compared and causes of difference and milk quality variation were explained.
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