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Variabilita genu MC1R u psů plemene flat coated retriever
Ludikovská, Nicole
A MC1R nonsense mutation, R306ter, has been shown to cause a completely yellow coat color in flat coated retriever. A c.916C>T change in the single exon MC1R gene leads to a change from arginine amino acid to a premature stop codon (R306ter). Using DNA sequencing, the polymorphism was found, and genotype and allele frequencies were determined for a selected set of 50 dogs. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype E / e and the undesirable recessive allele e was higher in the selected group in the Czech Republic than we expected.
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Genetická analýza zbarvení u huculských koní zařazených do genetického zdroje
Karbusická, Alžběta
In this work, MC1R, ASIP and TBX3 gene were tested on a sample of 118 Hucul horse mares included in Genetic Resources of Animals in the Czech Republic. We want to determine the genetic structure of mares and to analyse phenotypic data compared to the genotype and to identify possible differences between it. Genetic analysis showed a solid state for all alleles (HW for ASIP P = 0.9360, for MC1R P = 0.1661 and for TBX3 P = 0.4444). The frequency of the allele was as follows: E (0.6780), A (0.5254), and (0.4746), d2 (0.4323), d1 (0.3542), e (0.3220) D (0.2135). The most common genotype was AaEed1d2 and AaEEd1d2. There were very few or no genotypes based on recessive homozygotes in the genes of basic coat colours in the population, we didn´t identify any individual with genotype AaEed1d1. We have publicised genotype dependence within the TBX3 gene with primitive markings, confirming the previous work of other. Alele D was always associated with the occurrence of primitive markings, but primitive markings occur even without allele D in coincidence with the d1 allele. The d2d2 genotype is associated with a phenotype without primitive markings, or with phenotype where we can´t say if the horse has primitive markings or not.
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Štúdium variability sekvencie v géne MC1R u rôznych druhov zvierat
Dolnáková, Lenka
Colouration is an important phenotypic trait of animals and plays a substantial role in the characteristics of individual animal species. The MC1R gene has an essential role in colouration. This thesis is focused on the study of sequence variability in this gene and subsequent phylogram formation in selected species, which are: Bos Primigenius Taurus, Sus Scrofa, Equus Caballus and Canis Lupus Familiaris. There were custom primers designed in Oligo for the selected exon sequence. Based on se-quencing, known polymorphisms in Canis Lupus Familiaris and Equus Caballus were detected. In Canis Lupus Familiaris sequence, there was a 790 A>G polymorphism. All of N sequenced samples (N = 10) carried the E (790AA) allele. In Equus Caballus se-quence, there was a 901 C>T polymorphism, with representatives of all genotypes nEE(901CC) = 2, nEe(901CT) = 2, nee(901TT) = 6. The thesis also provides a comprehensive overview of the phylogenetic tree for-mation process. For phylogenetic analysis, there were added sequences from other ani-mal species, gained from freely available genomic databases. The reconstruction took place in the MEGA X program with selected distance and sign methods. Only nodes with bootstrap support ≥ 70 could be interpreted. JC69 and HKY85 models were cho-sen as substitution models. The choice of models was statistically supported by testing likelihood in the Model Generator with P < 0,0001 support. The trees obtained by par-ticular methods were compared by the Pearson correlation coefficient.
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Changes in pigmentation of animals during domestication
Ariskina, Sofya ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kracíková, Olga (referee)
In this work there are described, based on different experiments, and on the basis of them written articles about changes of different types of animals in the course of domestikation. It is supposed that this process began 15 thousand years ago. Here a described main scenarios which show the reasons and ways of the beginning of domestication, and some main places where this process began.
But it is much more important that in the course of the domestication there was a big number of morphological, anatomic and physiological changes in which consequence wild animals gradually turned into domestic ones. These changes, whether it be considerable change of the corporal sizes, reduction of a brain, changes in nervous system, emergence of trailing ears or big quantity of various coat colors, testifies that animals lost the need to survive independently and began to depend partially or completely on people.
But a main goal of this work is to describe and explain the development of new, not existing in wild animals coat colors which are connected to the domestication process and, later, to the selection process, made by people. The general sign of all domesticated animals chosen and selected incidentally or intentionally on any signs is emergence of spottiness and heterogeneity of coat coloring, gradually turning into other colourings that are absolutely not typical for wild animals because in the wild nature would draw attention of predators or mark.
Also here is described the genetic component of process of emergence of new coat colors caused by a different ratio of an eumelanin and a feomelanin, and also various gene mutations (for ex. MC1R, ASIP ets.).
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