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Optimal age for retirement
Eichler, Dominik ; Večeř, Jan (advisor) ; Cipra, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis studies the Czech retirement system and determines the best time of the retirement age in order to receive the highest amount of benefits in expectation. Firstly, we describe the retirement system in general. We summa- rize the upsides and downsides of the early and the late retirement. We study life tables and how to use the mortality rates in order to forecast the life ex- pectancy. In the practical part, we determine the optimal age for retirement that maximizes the expected value of future cash flows. We also define the worst retirement age and the difference between the expected best and worst pension benefits. The last section compares the Czech pension system with the US and UK pension systems. 1
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Advanced Methods for Damage Evaluation of Boiler Tube Bundles
Naď, Martin ; Odstrčil, Miloslav (referee) ; Jůza, Zdeněk (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the application of advanced methods for evaluating damage to boiler tubes, specifically temperature related damage. The aim of this work is to develop an improved damage evaluation procedure utilizing capabilities of modern approaches. This work describes various types of industrial boiler damage. The main focus is on the most exposed and often the most damaged parts of boilers, which are tube bundles (for example, superheaters). Equipment damage is undesirable and often leads to leakages or even to the boiler shutting down. Therefore, it is necessary to find the problem as soon as possible and make the required changes to prevent further damage. The damage types are divided into five categories based on the damage mechanism. Temperature has one of the biggest influences on damage and it may cause short-term or long-term overheating in the tube bundles. This type of damage occurs when the designated temperature is exceeded and results in reduced creep life. It is necessary to know the real surface temperature history of the tube bundle to estimate temperature related damage, however this is often not available. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate those temperatures based on the available data (i.e. inlet and outlet temperatures and pressures). This is real challenge due to the combination of complex flows of the working substances (mainly flue gasses) and heat transfer. Considering available data, new approach is proposed in order to obtain information required for residual creep life estimation. In the first step, thermal – hydraulic calculation is performed followed by a thermal load estimation of a superheater tube bundle in a natural gas fired boiler, using CFD simulations. In the next step, the surface temperature is evaluated and used to determine the temperature related damage, specifically the creep life estimation. The life expectancy is in some ways influenced by imperfections, and therefore at the end of this thesis the influence of the oxide layer on the inner side of tube and fouling on outer side of tube is described.
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The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development
Stýblová, Julie ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Maláková, Kateřina (referee)
The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development Abstract The main objective of this work is to analyze mortality rates in countries with the lowest mortality rates between 1990 and 2013 for each gender separately. The life expectancy at birth indicator was used to assess the developmental trends of overall mortality, followed by the probability of death, which allowed for the expression of age-related mortality changes, and the contribution of individual age groups to the change in life expectancy at birth was determined by one-dimensional decomposition. For a more detailed look, the mortality rate of selected group of death causes was assessed using a standardized mortality rate. The two-dimensional decomposition allowed to quantify the contribution of age groups and the main causes of death and thus to evaluate how the age group and cause of death contributed to the change in life expectancy at birth. In all countries, the overall mortality rate is decreasing and no interruption of this trend is observed. The results show that the states are getting closer to each other and do not show much differences. All selected countries are characterized by a decline in mortality, mainly in older age groups. The states also change the order of the most important causes of death, when a...
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The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development
Stýblová, Julie ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development Abstract The main objective of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the countries with the lowest mortality rates in the world between 1990 and 2013 for males and females separately. In order to assess development trends, indicators of life expectancy at birth, probability of death, which served to assess the mortality by age and using one-dimensional decomposition, the contributions of different age groups to the change in life expectancy at birth were determined. For a more detailed analysis, mortality was assessed for selected groups of death causes using standardized mortality rates and the view was complemented by a two-dimensional decomposition, which determined the contributions of age groups and major cause classes to assess how age group and cause of death has contributed to the change in life expectancy at birth. All countries have increased their life expectancy at birth and no signs of slowing are observed. The results show that each country is approaching and there are not too many differences. Selected countries have similar trends in decreasing mortality rates in older age groups and changing the order of the most important causes of death. Key words: Mortality, age and gender, causes of death, life expectancy,...
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Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia
Klicperová, Barbora ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Otáhalová, Hana (referee)
Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia Abstract Over the past decade, the health status of the population has also been measured by Healthy Life Expectancy indicator. This indicator covers not only the quantitative aspect, but it takes into the account also the qualitative aspect of prolonging human life. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in healthy life expectancy among the regions of Czechia, both in terms of space and time (2009-2014). The introductory part of the thesis outlines the connections of the origin of the healthy life expectancy indicator and analyses the methods of its construction. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes description of sample surveys. To calculate healthy life years, the Sullivan method is used. Data on health status were obtained from the SILC survey. According to the results of the analysis, there is considerable variability between regions in terms of healthy life expectancy. The difference is significantly higher in terms of healthy life expectancy than in the case of life expectancy. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of the healthy life expectancy values has revealed that there is a certain "paradox" of healthy life expectancy in relation to life expectancy, since there are regions where the high...
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Demographic aging and its economic consequences in EU
MATTAR, Roni
This bachelor thesis contains information about demographic aging in EU countries and its economic impacts. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts of demography, population development and the current situation across the EU. The thesis contains the information from the official Eurostat website and contains data of the demographic aging for the EU countries for the period 1997-2017 and the forecast for 2050-2080. The final part of the thesis gives an answer to the hypotheses about the economic structure and the pension system.
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healthy life years
Ondrák, Jan ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krbcová, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with life expectancy, healthy life years analysis in selected countries. The begining of this thesis is devoted to explanation of individual concepts, which are used in in this thesys, later it aids on healthy life years indicator and its calculation methods, meaning and usi in practice. It ges on with hypotheses verifying or returning influence of natural, demographic, biological, socio-economic phenomena on healthy life years in selected countries. These countries are: Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Island, Norway. Comparsion was made from the point of view of the EU 27/28 average, individual type sof disability were also evaluated.
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Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other EU countries
Kůrková, Simona ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vrabcová, Jana (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the developement of mortality in the Czech reublic and compare it with mortality in the other EU countries in years 1960-2014. This thesis includes detailed description of basic terms calculation of mortality rates. Selected EU countries are divided into units, i.e. Notrh, South, West and East. Analysis of this thesis was based on infant mortality and life expectancy. The developement of each mortality indiacator is ilustrated by number of graphs, which were created from the Human Mortality database on available datas. Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and other EU countries is examined for both gender in the time series 1960-1990 and 1990-2014. Subsequently the thesis analyses life expectancy at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men separately. There is also analysis of life expectancy annual increase at birth and at ages of 25 and 65 years for women and men, based on linear regression function in the time of 1960-1990 and 2000-2014. The aim of bachelor thesis is to compare individual mortality indicators among selected states.
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Comparison of the development of life expectancy and other characteristics of length of life in selected European countries
Lengsfeldová, Tereza ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Antovová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares characteristics of length of life in the Czech Republic, Norway and Spain in the period 1960-2014. The aim is to analyse the mortality process using life expectancy and median length of life at selected ages 0, 65 and 80 years and modal age at death. Decreasing infant mortality and better death rates for older persons positively still affect growth of lengths of life after completion of demographic transition. However, it leads to ageing population when people are dying at older age and number of these people is growing. This has the effect of assimilation of examined characteristics. Long-term different development of mortality through age structure has divided Europe into regions, consequently has occurred higher within-country gender difference. Women live longer than men. The new trend is reduction of gender difference at almost every age. It also researches these changes and differentials to prove or disprove convergence between men and women and selected characteristics of length of life.
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EU-SILC Indicators International Comparison
Trezzi, Bohdana ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Zelený, Martin (referee)
This thesis is focused on comparison of selected indicators within EU-SILC and project Europe 2020. Data for analysis were used from databases of Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat). Following selected indicators are analysed: employment rate, people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, life expectancy. Trend-cycle series are used for analysis of selected indicators and values predicted for the year 2020 which are then compared with project Europe 2020 goals for countries the Czech Republic and Germany and in this way setting of these goals validated.
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