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Habitat association of moths (Lepidoptera: Macrolepidoptera) in a structurarly diverse nature reserve (Koda National Nature Reserve, Cesky Kras)
ZÁVITKOVSKÁ, Lenka
Based on light trapping carried out in 2010, I studied moth communities of the Koda National nature reserve, part of Český kras landscape protected area, in order to compare moth communities inhabiting major biotope types within the reserve. The obtained material consisted of 295 species in 4455 individuals. Steppe enclaves hosted more species than overgrown coppices and beech-dominated high forests. Ordination analyses distinguished between steppe and forest biotopes. Steppe catches differed from forest catches in habitat associations of constituent species (more species of grassland habitats), whereas the two forest types did not differ in this. Identical patterns applied for all moths analysed together and for analyses restricted to Geometridae and Noctuidae moths. Steppic enclaves represent the most valuable sites within the Koda reserve.
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Isolation and characterization of highly repetitive fraction of codling moth, \kur{Cydia pomonella}
VĚCHTOVÁ, Pavlína
Repetitive DNA comprises substantial part of the eukaryotic genome. ?Junk DNA?, as it was originally understood at the beginning of its discovery has attracted a lot of attention lately due to many studies proving its functional perspectives. Analysis of its dynamics, characteristics and distribution has been widely studied in organisms with monocentric chromosomes. Holokinetic system, however, was left behind in these efforts and whole image of repetitive DNA distribution and dynamics in this system remains to be elucidated. In this thesis various approaches were used to isolate and characterise repetitive DNA in the genome of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Satellite DNA CPSAT-1 was successfully isolated, characterised with Dot blot and Southern blot and mapped with FISH in the genome of C. pomonella. 17 microsatellite probes were used to localize microsatellite arrays in the genome of C. pomonella. Method of microsatellite FISH revealed distribution of all tested microsatellites in C. pomonella complement.
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Identification of Z-linked genes for the study of sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera
PROVAZNÍK, Jan
Moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) have a WZ/ZZ (female/male) sex chromosome system or its numerical variants. The non-recombining W chromosome is largely formed by heterochromatin, composed of repetitive DNA and almost free of genes. Its use for evolutionary studies is thus limited due to fast molecular divergence. Whereas the Z chromosome resembles to autosomes; it is rich in genes and thus expected to be more conserved. In this study, the Z-linked genes with available DNA sequence information are summarized in order to give reference to suitable candidates for the study on evolutionary history of sex chromosomes in Lepidoptera. The use of Zlinked genes to test current hypotheses on the origin of the lepidopteran W chromosome is also discussed.
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Bionomics, diurnal behaviour and habitat selection of a vulnerable butterfly \kur{Erebia aethiops} in South Bohemia Bohemia
KLEČKOVÁ, Irena
Erebia aethiops (Esper, 1777) is a lowland representative of prevailingly mountain butterfly genus Erebia (Dalman, 1816). As many other butterfly species, it is declining in Central and Western Europe. I carried out an extensive mark-recapture study of its large population inhabiting Vyšenské Kopce Natural Reserve, the largest complex of calcareous grasslands in South Bohemia, Czech Republic. This thesis relates the demographic parameters to behavioral information, which indicate its habitat use. It also provides original observations of diurnal behaviour and bionomics of this little-studied and ecologically unusual species.
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Good parasitic wasps gone bad: a short review of two stories of the oceanic and habitat islands
Lozan, Aurel ; Spitzer, Karel ; Jaroš, Josef
Braconid parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, which was accidentally introduced into Canary Islands became real threat to the Canary Island Large White butterfly (Pieris cheiranthi). The multiple confirmation of the origin of the introduced parasitoid (morphology, DNA, ecology) suggests that these opportunistic parasitoids might be a serious danger to native isolated fauna. Such model relationships can be found in isolated paleorefugial habitats of the central European peat bogs, which are historical habitat islands of unique local taxa. A recent discovery of some opportunistic parasitoids attacking tyrphobiontic Lepidoptera in several isolated bogs of South Bohemia suggest these wasps might invade isolated habitats and cause serious population destruction of paleorefugial hosts.
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