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Processsing of food supplements based on medical types of mushrooms
Vetchá, Vendula ; Uhlířová, Renata (referee) ; Hoová, Julie (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the characterization of nutrition substances in medical mushrooms, specifically Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus. It also focuses on the biological impact of these rare mushrooms on human cell lines HaCaT and Caco-2, and investigates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 by immortalized keratinocytes and colon cancer cells after exposure to aqueous extracts prepared from mushroom powder. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characterization of mushrooms in terms of morphological characteristics and their taxonomic classification. It further studies the effects of edible and medicinal species and provides a detailed description of medicinal mushrooms such as Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Grifola frondosa, Hericium erinaceus and Pleurotus ostreatus, thesis informing about their effects, utilization and possibilities for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It mentions possible negative effects of mushrooms on consumers' health and presents methods for processing mushrooms and their use in the food industry. Finally, it focuses on the possibilities of in vitro toxicity testing and provides a brief overview of commonly used cytotoxicity tests such as the MTT test and LDH test. The experimental part of the thesis deals with the preparation of water extracts from mushroom powders and their characterization in terms of nutritional and biologically active substances. HPLC analysis is used to monitor the content of lipophilic substances and vitamin C in mushroom samples. To confirm the biological effect on human health, antimicrobial tests were performed using four model microorganisms, and cytotoxicity tests were performed on two human cell lines. Lastly, a sensory analysis of instant vegetable soup enriched with mushroom powder was performed. Biological effects of the analyzed powdered extracts from Ganoderma lucidum mushroom have been confirmed, especially their cytotoxic effect on colon epithelial tumor cells. However, the application of reishi in the food industry is not easy due to the presence of triterpenoids that cause a bitter taste. On the other hand, the safety of using the Hericium erinaceus mushroom in food has been confirmed through cytotoxicity tests. Sensory analysis results have shown a positive effect of Hericium erinaceus on the taste profile of instant vegetable soups.
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Modulation of human macrophages and renal epitelium chemokine profile
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 β, RANTES, GRO alpha, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α (tumor necrosis...
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Cytokine expression in regressive melanoma on porcine MeLiM model
Miltrová, Veronika ; Skalníková, Helena (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Cutaneous melanoma is a very aggressive cancer with increasing incidence. It originates from transformed pigmented skin cells (melanocytes). The main risk factor for melanoma development is exposure to UV light and repeated sunburns. In approximately 10 % of cases, melanoma occurs on hereditary basis. Patients with cutaneous melanoma diagnosed in early stages have very good prognosis, with surgical resection of the primary tumour being mostly sufficient for treatment. In contrast, the advanced melanoma stages with metastases are often progressive and refractory to conventional therapies. Cutaneous melanoma is referred to as an immunogenic tumour that is frequently infiltrated by cells of the immune system. Tumours with immune cell infiltration show better prognosis. Spontaneous regression may occur. Over the last few years, progress has been made in the treatment of melanoma using checkpoints molecules (anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1) to activate patients own immune system to recognize tumour lesions. In the tumour microenvironment, cytokines play an important role, enabling communication between cells and regulation of cell proliferation and migration and thus the tumour development. Cytokines (IL-2, IFNα) can be used in adjuvant therapy of melanoma. This work analysed levels of expressed cytokines in...
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Chemokines in kidney transplantation and their production by human macrophages and renal epithelial cells.
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro- inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES, GRO-α, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α had an effect on the...
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Modulation of human macrophages and renal epitelium chemokine profile
Pidhorodetská, Halyna ; Stříž, Ilja (advisor) ; Javorková, Eliška (referee)
One of the main effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines is the induction of chemokines and the expression of adhesive molecules that regulate the migration of immune cells to the center of the damage. Chemoattractant gradient also provides a physiological delivery of cells to tissues and lymphatic organs under normal circumstances. Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that form a very large and diverse group of secreted proteins that have many functions both in processes that maintain homeostasis but also in inflammatory states. Production of some chemokines also has a major effect on graft rejection. Further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the acute rejection chemokine could contribute to improving treatment steps in transplantology. In this diploma thesis, serum chemokine levels were monitored in renal transplant patients, but these measurements did not show significant dynamics. Furthermore, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on the release of chemokines from renal epithelial cells and monocytes was studied. Experiments were performed to monitor the levels of individual chemokines such as ENA-78, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1 β, RANTES, GRO alpha, THP-1 (monocyte/macrophage cell line), RPTEC (renal epithelial cells of proximal tubules) and RA (renal cell tumor lines). TNF-α (tumor necrosis...
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