|
|
Dialysis pump
Švagera, Roman ; Rudolf, Pavel (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
Dialysis is still very important treatment process today which needs to be constantly improved. This thesis focuses on the development of a pump for dialysis units, specifically on the pressure pulsations reduction in the rotary peristaltic pump. Using experiments, the problem of peristaltic pumps is explained. With the computational modelling there are proposed design modifications leading to the pressure pulsations reduction.
|
|
|
Dialysis pump
Švagera, Roman ; Rudolf, Pavel (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
Dialysis is still very important treatment process today which needs to be constantly improved. This thesis focuses on the development of a pump for dialysis units, specifically on the pressure pulsations reduction in the rotary peristaltic pump. Using experiments, the problem of peristaltic pumps is explained. With the computational modelling there are proposed design modifications leading to the pressure pulsations reduction.
|
|
|
Novel biomarkers in patients with renal disease
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major public health problems. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of adverse outcome, CKD progression and associated cardiovascular disease. The aim of the thesis was to study novel promising biomarkers, their relationship to kidney function, chronic inflammation and/or cardiovascular risk - placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), calcium binding protein S100A12 or extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in patients with renal diseases including CKD, haemodialysis (HD), AKI patients, and healthy controls for comparison. First study revealed that PlGF is elevated in patients with decreased renal function. Second study demonstrated the association of MMP-2 and PAPP-A with proteinuria in patients with CKD. Moreover, serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels significantly differed in patients with various nephropathies. EN-RAGE levels are not elevated in patients with CKD, but are related to inflammatory status. PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels are significantly elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF...
|
|
|
Cardiovascular complications in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Valeriánová, Anna ; Malík, Jan (advisor) ; Zemánek, David (referee) ; Piťha, Jan (referee)
Patients with end-stage renal disease frequently suffer from cardiovascular complications. Many factors contribute to their development: hyperkinetic circulation caused by anaemia, fluid retention and by presence of dialysis arteriovenous access; metabolic changes leading to acceleration of atherosclerosis and increase of vascular stiffness and also fluctuation of blood pressure and organ perfusion during haemodialysis, that cause repeated tissue hypoxia. We performed our research on patients in chronic haemodialysis programme. The project studying long-term patency of dialysis access showed that dialysis graft patency is negatively influenced by presence of coronary artery disease and low serum concentrations of cholesterol. In our studies about tissue hypoxia we proved that haemodialysis patients suffer from hypoxia of cerebral tissue and muscle tissue of the dialysis access arm, and that the hypoxia worsens during dialysis. Factors associated with brain hypoxia are presence of heart failure, higher BNP levels and higher erythrocyte distribution width. One of the serious consequences of brain hypoxia is development of cognitive deficit. Among the negative impact of haemodialysis on the heart, we observed left atrial dysfunction, which is a consequence of long-term remodelling and cannot be...
|
|
|
Quality of life of dialysis patients
Vosátková, Eliška ; Tomová, Šárka (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to analyze the quality of life of dialysed patients and determine to what extent it has affected and reduced the illness of their lives and daytime activities. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part focuses on the history of hemodialysis, the description of the types of vascular inputs, the necessary dietary measures, the construction of the hemodialysis appliance, and the concept of quality of life and quality of life in dialysis patients. The empirical part includes a quantitative research, using a standardized KDQOL-SF ™ questionnaire supplemented by questions of its own design. The survey was conducted by 84 respondents in the dialing centers of Fresenius Medical Care in Prague 5 - Motol, Prague 10 - Vinohrady and Prague 9 - Vysocany. Conclusion. It was found that the quality of life in the standardized questionnaire domains is worse in the generic SF-36 than in the special section of KDQOL. Furthermore, it was found a statistically significant relationship between age and pain in dialysis patients. It has also been found that there is no statistically significant relationship between sex and social functioning of dialysis patients. It has been confirmed that there is a statistically significant relationship between age and patient...
|
|
| |
|
|
Novel biomarkers in patients with renal disease
Zakiyanov, Oskar ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are major public health problems. It is important to be able to identify those at high risk of adverse outcome, CKD progression and associated cardiovascular disease. The aim of the thesis was to study novel promising biomarkers, their relationship to kidney function, chronic inflammation and/or cardiovascular risk - placental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), calcium binding protein S100A12 or extracellular newly identified RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE), and high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) in patients with renal diseases including CKD, haemodialysis (HD), AKI patients, and healthy controls for comparison. First study revealed that PlGF is elevated in patients with decreased renal function. Second study demonstrated the association of MMP-2 and PAPP-A with proteinuria in patients with CKD. Moreover, serum MMP-2, MMP-9 and PAPP-A levels significantly differed in patients with various nephropathies. EN-RAGE levels are not elevated in patients with CKD, but are related to inflammatory status. PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels are significantly elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF...
|
|
|
Specifics of the nursing care of patients with arteriovenous fistulas in a standard departement
NIEDERMEIEROVÁ, Michaela
Theoretical basis: My bachelor thesis briefly explains the reason for establishing this vascular access, describes the types of dialysis and discusses different types of vascular accesses. It analyses the process of haemodialysis including the role of the nurse during this procedure. Finally, it provides an outline of the life of a patient, who needs to attend dialysis regularly as well as to manage to take care of the fistula at home. This shunt is the only patient's connection to the dialysis during the renal failure and therefore it requires a specific nursing care. In order to preserve the function of the fistula the longest time possible, the patient himself also needs to follow the principles of a good care. The aim of the thesis: One aimsare set in the empirical part. Aim 1 should check whether nurses know the specifics of care of patients with arteriovenous fistula. In order to acquire these aims one research question were set: what nurses know the specifics of care of patients with arteriovenous fistula. Methodology: In the empirical part of the thesis, the qualitative research method with the help of semi-structured interview was used for the research. Respondents consisted of general nurses from surgical and medical ward of selected hospital in the South Bohemian Region. The data collection took place after consultation with the senior nurse and ward sisters during March this year. Before starting the empirical investigation, the reason and intention of interviews, which took place on a voluntary basis and were electronically recorded, was explained to the respondents. The questions in the interview were prepared in advance. Obtained data were processed into categorization groups, which were further analysed. The interview was divided into 5 areas: identifying issues, preoperative preparation, postoperative care, nursing care for fistula, patients' awareness. The research part of the thesis was also consulted with the ward sister of the hemodialysis center of the selected hospital of the South Bohemian Region. Results: The results of the empirical survey shows what specifics of nursing care of patients with arteriovenous fistulas nurses know. After analysing the research, we found that nurses know the basic nursing care of the vascular access. Nurses know that this vascular access is used only for purposes of hemodialysis. They do not measure the pressure on a limb with fistula, draw blood from it or insert a permanent venous catheter into it. They know that the skin around the fistula should be observed carefully and each day. They monitor the limb with fistula mainly for signs of infection and ischemia. In case of necessity of the provision of information for the patient about the care of an arteriovenous fistula, nurses are able to complete the missing information or arrange for a consultation with a specialist. However, the research also revealed weaknesses. Nurses are not sure how long fistula matures, do not really prepare patients for hemodialysis and don't know exactly when to remove the bandage from a patient after dialysis. In case of bleeding from the fistula, they do not know whether to use a pressure bandage.
|
|
|
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of dialysis patients, with regard to age
VANCLOVÁ, Romana
The dissertation entitled ?Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Dialysed Patients with Respect to Age? contains a theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part describes chronic kidney disorder and the treatment of this disease. It mentions the causes, repercussions and complications of this disease. It also suggests the form of treatment as the method of replacing the function of the kidneys which includes haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. I have attempted to elaborate their principle, history and current form, benefits, negative aspects and complications. The practical part describes the actual research. Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was ascertained in a group of patients undergoing haemodialysis at one dialysis centre. Questionnaire SF 36 was used which allows for a quantified assessment of the quality of life in eight domains. The results were statistically assessed and clearly depicted using tables and graphs. The quality of life was compared in the monitored group with the general population and also based on age and gender. The results found show a reduced quality of life of dialysed patients compared with the standard population. A difference was also found in the assessment of the quality of life in some age groups. No difference in results was proved with regard to gender.
|
|
|
Demans put on nurses work when providing nursing care on hemodialysis department.
KADLEČKOVÁ, Aneta
Abstrakt In our Bachelor Diploma Work we dealt with the problems of the difficult of the work of nurses in the department of haemodialysis. We have chosen this topic because of the growing higher demands made on the nurses. It can be said that the profession of a nurse is very demanding, they are even jeopardized both by the psychological and physical influences. Because of that there are several advices the nurses should know and observe them. The professional literature encourages the nurses in the department of haemodialysis to find at lest a short moment to learn how to rest and to relax. Unfortunately it is not like that in reality. In the theoretical part we focused on the haemodialysis characteristics, on its indications, contra-indications, on the nursing care in this department and naturally on the psychological and physical impacts on the nurses in the department of haemodialysis. For the research investigation I used a semi-structured discussion. It contained 21 questions, the nurses had to answer. The data collection took place during March 2009. The total numer of enquired nurses was 16. The topic was based on the three targets. To find out what demands have been made on the treatment care for the patiens in the department of haemodialysis, to find out, what impact the care has on nurses in the department of haemodialysis and to find out whether the nurses in the department of haemodialysis suffer from the burn-out syndrome. Based on my Bachelor Diploma Work we would like to organize a seminary for the nurses, working in the department of haemodialysis, focused on the burn-out syndrome and correct relaxation.
|
guest ::
