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Effect of basic agrotechnics for physical and hydrophysical properties of soil
Komárková, Markéta ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
In the master’s thesis, we evaluate the impact of different types of soil treatment on the physical and hydro-physical properties of the subsurface layers of soil. The experimental research took place near the town of Šakvice in two chosen areas treated conventionally, i.e. by tillage. The PRP SOL substance was applied to one of the observed areas. Unimpaired soil samples were taken during the vegetation period of the grown crops in the topsoil (10,20 cm) and in the undersoil (30 cm) on 13th May 2009 and on 10th September 2009. The chosen physical parameters of the soil, i.e. the reduced volume mass, the porosity, the distribution of pores, the actual content of water and air, were determined by standard analytical methods. The double-ring infiltration method was used during the field measuring of infiltration. The Philip’s equation and the Philip’s type three-parameter equation were used for the data analysis, serving as a base for estimation of saturated water content Ks. A protractor with a constant gradient was used during laboratory measuring. The results of a year-long research have not shown any major influence of the PRP SOL substance on the physical quality of the subsurface layers of soil in the observed area. On the contrary, the permeability od the soil obtained on the basis of Ks estimation is higher in the area treated by the PRP SOL substance.
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The impact of agro-technology on the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil
Vláčilíková, Michaela ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the impact of agrotechnics on the physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. At the beginning of the work a literary research was elaborated on the above mentioned problems in the final part an evaluation of the physical and hydraulic characteristics of soil, which are used as indicators of soil quality. Experimental research was carried out in 2017 near the village Bohaté Málkovice, the soil on one area was processed by minimization technology and on the other parcel (with mild erosion) direct sowing was applied to the soil. The crop was sunflower.
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Selected hydropedological parameters as indicators of soil quality
Schneiderová, Šárka ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
When it comes to agriculture’s soil, the near surface layer is one of the most important layers for proper planting and their growth. It is the place where root system absorbs water and necessary nutrient are found here in the soil organic matter form. We can measure the near surface soil quality using indicators, such as physical and hydro-physical properties or soil organic matter content. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis is focused on measuring those properties of soil, where the practical part’s objective is judging the effect of agrotechnology, based on the properties described in Czech and foreign literature. Those properties will be determined by using standard laboratory methods testing intact soil cores and grabbed soil samples. Those cores and samples were collected 4 times in total during vegetation period in 2016 in Šardičky (Vyškov district).
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The effects of land management on the physical quality of subsurface soil layer
Komárková, Markéta ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
The thesis deals with the influence of soil cultivation on physical quality of the subsurface soil layers (horizons). The experimental research has been conducted nearby Šakvice on two different areas which were both cultivated in an ordinary way, e.g. by tillage. One of the two areas was exposed to PRP SOL subsidiary substance. Undisturbed soil samples were drawn in three different soil depths: 0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 m. Samples were drawn on May 13, 2009 and September 9, 2009 during the vegetation period of the grown crop. The selected physical properties of the soil, e.g. the specific gravity of the soil, porosity, poruses division, actual presence of moisture and air, were assessed using standard analytical methods. The results of a one-year research did not give evidence of a strong effect of the PRP SOL subsidiary substance on the physical quality of the subsurface soil layers.
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The effect of soil structure on the hydraulic characteristics of the soil
Čermák, Petr ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Soil is very important in the hydrological cycle of landscape. The retention and storage ability depends on the quality, type of structure and other properties of the soil. The retention ability of soil is determined by gravitational pores (the coarsest pores), which are drained off after filling the water. The accumulation depends on the capillary pores in which water is bounded by capillary forces. The soil works also as a filter´s environment which cleans naturally the water. This process can be also converse, when various substances are released from soil to water. The state and amount of water between the surface of soil and level of groundwater affect many important processes such as fertility of soil, drain from drainage area, supply of groundwater sources and others. Structure of soil changes fundamentally by cultivation of soil and types of farming crops. Aggregates are mechanical destructed by weather conditions and soil gradually loses its good qualities, fertility is reducing and flood protection is decreasing. This fact can be avoided by right choice of crops and the type of tillage soil.
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Changes in physical properties of the subsurface soil layers depending on the technology tillage
Bažantová, Adéla ; Larišová, Lucie (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
For the correct course of soil processes, plant growth and development is necessary the tillage of soil. Usually we choose between two technologies, that those adjustments are cariied out by. Both are conventional tillage, which uses plowing and minimization tillage, wherein is excluded plowing. Objective of this work is to determine the impact of these tillage treatments on selected physical properties of soil, i. e reduced bulk density of the soil, porosity, momentary contents of water and air in the soil. Soil samples were collected by Kopecky rollers (V = 100 cm3) taken from depths of 0,1; 0,2 and 0,3 m that were used to evaluate. Two samples were collected each July. This period is referred as a critical due to higher soil compaction (movement of mechanization, root system of plants and rainfall totals). Experimental research was conducted in years 2008 – 2011 in the village Bohaté Málkovice.
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The effects of different agro-technologies on the soil physical quality in selected localities in the South Moravian Region
Bažantová, Adéla ; Doležal, Petr (referee) ; Kameníčková, Ivana (advisor)
Farmland is being handled by various the tillage of soil especially for the correct course of soil processes, plant growth and development and of course profit. There are two types of the tillage of soil are their conventional (classical) which involves plowing and minimization tillage, where is excluded plowing. The last few decades, the development the tillage of soil focuses on minimization tillage. This includes loosing up small depth, soil conservation tillage and direct seeding. This thesis is aimed at impact of minimization tillage on selected physical and hydraulic properties of the soil. Sampling undisturbed soil samples was performed on the experimental plot Kozlany by Kopecky rollers (V = 100 cm3) from depth of 0 - 10 cm, during the year 2016. On this plot was used minimization tillage in the form loosing up small depth and direct seeding.
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Vliv různých způsobů zpracování půdy na její zhutnění
Chlaň, Filip
The bachelor thesis investigates soil compaction and changes in soil physical properties in different tillage systems. The experiments were based on heavy soil in a potato production area. Three tillage methods were used, the first was ploughing, then shallow tillage and chiselling. For each variant, Kopecky physical cylinders were taken and the penetrometric resistance of the soil was measured on two dates, after tillage and after spring barley harvest. From the Kopecky physical rolls, the reduced bulk density, porosity, minimum air capacity and soil moisture content were determined. Soil resistivity in the soil profile was determined with a penetrometer. Spring barley was then sown in the experiments and its yield was measured to assess the effect of tillage and possible compaction on this parameter. The results show a positive effect of minimization technologies on compaction resistance, whereas tillage was more prone to compaction according to the results. In the first term of measurement, better values of physical properties were recorded for ploughing, but in the second term, ploughing deteriorated. The minimization technologies showed similar values in the first and second measurement. However, the results showed that neither variant showed significant soil compaction with deterioration of soil properties. Similarly, the yield was not different between the variants.
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Vliv používání nákladního automobilu v zemědělství na půdní prostředí
Novák, Milan
The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the influence of using a agri-tractor in agriculture and its impact on the environment of sandy loam soil. The influence on the pedocompact is compared when using different mechanization under operating conditi-ons. A tractor with semi-trailer and TATRA agri-tractor with semi-trailer were used for that purpose. The main point of the work is a field-laboratory experiment, on the basis of which the influence of transitions of individual ensembles on the soil is evaluated. The experi-ment was carried out in 2015 on the land farm cultivate by Agrodružstvo Blížkovice. Key indicators of soil compaction were appraised during the experiment. Within the literary research soil itself is characterized in general, as well as the issues of soil compaction and various types of transport in agriculture. The experimental part includes the methodology used, the material researched together with the measurement results and further discussion on the topic. Transport operations represent more than 50 % of the total agricultural output volu-me. Along with the intensification of agriculture and simultaneous magnification of ag-ricultural technology the problem of excessive soil compaction had begun to deepen. The soil compaction negatively affects the physical and chemical caharcteristics of soil and reduces its fertility. Agricultural equipment manufacturers have been trying to develop new mechani-zation technologies to minimize soil compaction. Considering soil compaction, the use of a tractor with semi-trailer has appeared as more suitable. Appropriate solution seems to be using special central tire inflation system or in contrast different ways of their underinflation.
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