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Mycotoxicology quality of oat
PEJSAROVÁ, Hana
The aim of this work was comparison of ten varieties of oat, grown from 2009 to 2012 on the experimental plot of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice and obtain knowledge about the influence of factors (variety, season and pre-crop) on the mycotoxicological quality of oats. The presence of fungal pathogens, mainly from the genus Fusarium, and the level of selected mycotoxins (HT-2 and T-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol and D3G) were observed on four naked varieties and six hulled varieties. The susceptibility of individual varieties to infestation, the level of individual mycotoxins in the grain, the growth characteristics of oats evaluated during vegetation and the parameters of technological quality were compared.
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The Health Conditions of Ornamental Plants of the Family Begoniaceae in Greenhouse Systems
DEMELOVÁ, Šárka
The main aim of this study was to identify patogenes, which cause dying of begonia tubers while dormancy. Experiments consisted of two main parts: detection fungal pathogens during the vegetation and laboratory tests of hybernating tubers. Begonia plants were controled regularly once per week during the vegetation for health and number of healthy, disease and dying plants. For laboratory tests were used tubers before dormancy and healthy and disease ones for testing during vegetation season. The selection of tubers for testing was based on results from last season, when the tubers were compared in mortality. Depending on this factor were selected mutatins: the most sensitive (begonia tuberhybrida white), ordinary (Begonia pendula yellow-orange) and the most resistent (Begonia tuberhibrida cinnabar, red). Plants were observed at all phases of vegetation.
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Strategie minimalizace výskytu patogenů v klasech pšenice
Jurčík, Milan
The proposed work aims to describe the agents causing diseases of winter wheat, and their elimination strategies. The initial part is dedicated to the significance, division, traditional and less traditional types of utilization growing, and wheat characteristics. This part is followed by information on production and growing areas in the Czech Republic during the last decade. Furthermore, the significance of the genetic factor for the yield formation process of wheat is described and so are the key grain quality parameters. Resistance of wheat varieties to pathogens based on genetic resistances as well as resistance-promoting passive mechanisms (type of flowering, spike density and plant height) is mentioned. Moreover, agrotechnical measures ensuring elimination of pathogens occurrence in stands (seed quality, forecrop, soil processing, sowing time and depth, nutrition and health condition, choice of fungicide and the time and method of its application) are specified. The majority of the paper focuses on diseases that damage wheat spike and the causing agents of these diseases, including proposed strategies of their elimination in stands.
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Metody stanovení mykotoxinů v obilninách
Trifković, Miloš
Mycotoxins which are associated with Fusarium spp. and disease caused by this genus, Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), on grains represents a global issue for food and feed security. In order to determinate if the BoMill IQ is capable to recognize the content of mycotoxin in grains of barley, we were testing three different varieties fromm five firms, in two repetitions. This technology uses Near Infrared Transmittance (NIT) to distinguish kernels containing mycotoxins form healthy based on individual kernel protein content. Correlations between content of proteins and tested mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol) were observed. We have found strong negative correlations between both mycotoxins and content of proteins, but there was a strong positive correlation between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Results showed that this technology can be used to determinate content of mycotoxins in individual kernels and to sort the grains in different fractions which differ in content of mycotoxins.
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Cereal diseases from sowing to harvest (determination and protection options): Methodology for practice
Slavíková, Lucie ; Chrpová, Jana ; Palicová, Jana ; Hanzalová, Alena ; Dumalasová, Veronika ; Ripl, Jan ; Jarošová, Jana ; Kumar, Jiban
The fungal and virus diseases are still very actual topics due to the high proportion of cereals in crop rotation and large cultivated area. The cereal crops often decimated by fungal diseases like eyespot, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. The virus diseases include Barley yellow dwarf virus – BYDV, Wheat dwarf virus – WDV and Wheat streak mosaic virus – WSMV are also very important due to the epidemic incidence in some years. This methodology summarizes the current knowledge of these fungal and virus diseases, focuses on the description, symptoms, occurrence, field and laboratory diagnostics and possibilities of crop protection against these diseases. Individual diseases are ranked in the order of their occurrence in the agroecosystem. The methodology can serve the farming communities and agronomist as a key to identifying the diseases infecting wheat crop.
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Fungi of the energetically important plants
Janďourková, Hana ; Novotný, David (advisor) ; Marková, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis gives a literature review of fungi of energy crops. The most important phytopathogenic and endophytic fungi of these plants are mentioned, with special reference to genus Fusarium. Energy crops are plants growing for phytoenergy. Species suitable for this purpose were chosen especially for great production of biomas with a cost. Various plant species are used for this pupose. Little information of mycobiota of the energy crops is known in comparison with traditional crops. Better are known phytopathogenic than endophytic fungi of energy crops. In my master's thesis I will study endophytic mycobiota of Miscanthus sinensis, Rumex patientia x R. tianschanicus and Sorghum, excerption of mycobiota of these plants was carry out with special attention. Anamorphic genus Fusarium belongs to the most important phytopathogenic and endophytic generas of herbs, therefore closer attention was paid to this taxa. Key words: phytopathogenic fungi, endophytes, energy crops, phytoenergy, Fusarium
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Porovnání metod ochrany ječmene jarního proti houbám r. Fusarium v konvenčním a ekologickém zemědělství
Kantorová, Aneta
FHB caused by phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, one of the world's most serious diseases of agricultural crops. Fusaria are major producers of mycotoxins side. We compared methods of cereals against fungi Fusarium year in conventional and organic farming and evaluate the effectiveness of selected compounds on the growth of mycelium F. culmorum and F. poae, occurring most often in the spring malting barley. In vitro, the cultures of the isolates Fusarium the effect of preparations Zinran and Dolosul for organic farming and active substance of fungicides Zantara, Hutton and Prosaro 250 EC for conventional agriculture on mycelial growth. High efficiency at suppressing the growth of the mycelium was observed when using a fungicidal composition Zantara head blight in both species. Low efficiency in suppressing the growth of mycelium head blight was observed in the preparation Dolosul, which is approved for application in organic agriculture. Fungicidal products used in conventional agriculture are more desired efficacy against fungi Fusarium year than products used in organic agriculture.
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Evaluation of antifungal activity of protease inhibitors from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
REISEROVÁ, Jana
This diploma thesis is concerned on protease inhibitors isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and evaluation of their antifungal properties. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with protease inhibitors which have an antifungal effect. Tubers of potato cultivars Adéla, Ornella, Eurostarch - were used for protease inhibitors isolation. Antifungal activity of isolated protein fractions were evaluated versus fungi from genus Rhizoctonia and Fusarium that are important pathogens in agriculture. Their activity was also evaluated statistically.
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