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The absolute I and the conception of knowledge in the philosophy of J. G. Fichte
Kollert, Lukáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee)
This bachelor thesis outlines basic features of object-consciousness and tries to show that it must be grounded in a "consciousness" of another type, which doesn't have the structure (non-identity of subject and object) characteristic for the consciousness of an object. The pre- reflective relation of the self to itself or immediate "consciousness" of the self is identified as a basis enabling self-(re)cognition in reflexion. The next step puts forward one of reasons to ascribe this relation of the self to itself to the self-positing absolute I (here the absence of subject-object difference is typical). The fourth chapter addresses questions concerning the possibility to explain the object-consciousness and the presence of manifold in the I from the standpoint of unlimited and self-identical absolute I. It further distinguishes several forms of realism and idealism rejected by Fichte himself and follows the course leading to Fichte's own position, i. e. real-idealism or ideal-realism. Finally, the text discusses in detail the concept of "check" (Anstoß), which is understood as one of the key concepts of the early science of knowledge. Key words: Fichte, science of knowledge, self-consciousnes, object-consciousness, absolute I, check, idealism, realism, sensation, reflection
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The Ground of the World: A Marginal Problem in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit
Matějčková, Tereza ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Gutschmidt, Holger (referee) ; Kuneš, Jan (referee)
Is there a world in G. W. F. Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit? This is the central question my doctoral thesis aims to address. Both scholars and philosophers alike tend to consider Hegel a thinker who, having formulated the philosophy of absolute spirit, has surrendered the world. Despite this suspicion, the consciousness finds itself at nearly every level of Hegel's oeuvre in a place called "the world". At every stage, the world changes its shape - along with the consciousness - but its function seems to remain the same. The world is a conception of totality; thus, the world is an object of the consciousness that, by definition, surpasses the consciousness and thus reveals its limits. This moment of a "worldly" estrangement is especially pronounced as the consciousness sets itself into action. One of the most recurring motives in Hegel's The Phenomenology of Spirit is the inability of the consciousness to realize its intentions as planned. The consciousness fails to recognize itself in the deed, and thus devises strategies to distance itself from the deed. In my interpretation, this testifies that the deed is the door to the world, and obviously this world is not one that would be in the power of the consciousness. Instead, it is the consciousness that needs to subordinate itself to the deed...
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The absolute I and the conception of knowledge in the philosophy of J. G. Fichte
Kollert, Lukáš ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Landa, Ivan (referee)
This bachelor thesis outlines basic features of object-consciousness and tries to show that it must be grounded in a "consciousness" of another type, which doesn't have the structure (non-identity of subject and object) characteristic for the consciousness of an object. The pre- reflective relation of the self to itself or immediate "consciousness" of the self is identified as a basis enabling self-(re)cognition in reflexion. The next step puts forward one of reasons to ascribe this relation of the self to itself to the self-positing absolute I (here the absence of subject-object difference is typical). The fourth chapter addresses questions concerning the possibility to explain the object-consciousness and the presence of manifold in the I from the standpoint of unlimited and self-identical absolute I. It further distinguishes several forms of realism and idealism rejected by Fichte himself and follows the course leading to Fichte's own position, i. e. real-idealism or ideal-realism. Finally, the text discusses in detail the concept of "check" (Anstoß), which is understood as one of the key concepts of the early science of knowledge. Key words: Fichte, science of knowledge, self-consciousnes, object-consciousness, absolute I, check, idealism, realism, sensation, reflection
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