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Study of oligandrin protein secreted by oomycete Pythium oligandrum
Neykulova, Anastasia ; Bělonožníková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Adámková, Lyubina (referee)
Oomycete Pythium oligandrum acts as a mycoparasite of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and oomycetes in soil due to the production of a number of hydrolytic enzymes for the degradation of polysaccharides and proteins in the cell wall of the host. At the same time, P. oligandrum can interact with plant roots through specific elicitors and stimulate plant defense and growth. Thus, P. oligandrum is a successfully used environmentally friendly biological control agent of plants. Among the secreted elicitors P. oligandrum to the low molecular weight proteins belong oligandrins (~10 kDa), which have a characteristic structure and a conserved sequence among the group of so-called elicitins, and at the same time are not homologous to plant proteins. In the framework of this bachelor thesis, was analyzed the production of oligandrin in various types of growing media after cultivation of P. oligandrum. The total proteolytic activity and the content of phenolic substances as other possible elicitors of plant defense reactions were also observed in culture media. Further, this work focused on the possibility of recombinant oligandrin expression in E. coli and its subsequent purification. Key words: Pythium oligandrum, oligandrin, elicitors, cultivation, recombinant expression [IN CZECH]
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Vliv technologie pěstování kotvičníku zemního (Tribulus terrestris L.) na kvalitu produktu
NEUMANN, Jaroslav
This diploma thesis focuses on the Tribulus terrestris and its cultivation in order to achieve the highest content of biologically active substances. Tribulus has its roots in Chinese traditional medicine and Indian Ayurveda. The monitored substances are protodioscin and diosgenin. These two substances are saponins which are known for many beneficial effects on human health. For example, protodioscin is widely used as a remedy for conception problems. Diosgenin has its use in the fight against cancer. Both of these substances are also used in fitness to increase muscle mass and strength. The most famous is protodioscin, which became famous thanks to the Bulgarian weightlifters. However, the mechanisms of action of protodioscin and, in fact, diosgenin in the human body are not completely known in terms of influencing hormones in our body. In the practical part of this work, acetylsalicylic acid and the commercial preparation NanoFyt Si? are used as an elicitor. Water control was used for control, which was carried out in the same way as elicitor sprays. It is statistically summarized in what concentration the elicitors act or do not act. Based on statistical results, the cultivation procedure is recommended.
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The effect of elicitors on the secondary metabolites production in vitro cultures -I.
Damaskinos, Antonios ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Active compounds have been always originated from plants. Plants though, were able to produce only very low amounts of them and that was the reason for trying many alternative ways of production, one of them being plant tissue culture cultivation. This method is any fragment of living tissue or organ taken from an intact plant or an already existing explant culture, with the intention of growing an artificial growth medium. Even this method though, is not able to produce large amounts compared to extraction from field plants. Elicitation is considered a possible way to increase the production of secondary metabolites. This method used the plant's own defense system, in order to increase the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. The compound which is used to produce the effect is called elicitor. During our experimental work I used as an elicitor the compound Ethephon (2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid) upon callus and suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum, with intention to observe its effect on flavonoid production. This experiment was based on three different concentrations and six different withdrawal times, being 6, 12, 24, 72, 168 hours. The maximum effect of elicitor was reached with concentration c1 (1mg/100ml) after 12 hours and with concentration c3 (100mg/100ml) after 72 hours.
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Technologie pěstování Leuzey saflorové (Leuzea carthamoides DC.) a její využití.
VYTISKA, Petr
This bachelor thesis deals with the technology of growing leuzea carthamoides DC., the substances it contains and its possible pharmaceutical use. Next I deal with the description of some substances found in the above ground or underground parts of the plant. Among the most effective substances that leuzea contains are phytoecdysteroids, triterpens, flavonoids, thiophenes and phenolic acids. The quantity of these substances depends directly on the way of cultivation, selection of the appropriate habitat, the use of elicitors and the drying and harvesting technology. In the final part I deal with the research how the public is familiar with leuzea as a medical plant.
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The effect of elicitors on the secondary metabolites production in vitro cultures -I.
Damaskinos, Antonios ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Active compounds have been always originated from plants. Plants though, were able to produce only very low amounts of them and that was the reason for trying many alternative ways of production, one of them being plant tissue culture cultivation. This method is any fragment of living tissue or organ taken from an intact plant or an already existing explant culture, with the intention of growing an artificial growth medium. Even this method though, is not able to produce large amounts compared to extraction from field plants. Elicitation is considered a possible way to increase the production of secondary metabolites. This method used the plant's own defense system, in order to increase the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. The compound which is used to produce the effect is called elicitor. During our experimental work I used as an elicitor the compound Ethephon (2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid) upon callus and suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum, with intention to observe its effect on flavonoid production. This experiment was based on three different concentrations and six different withdrawal times, being 6, 12, 24, 72, 168 hours. The maximum effect of elicitor was reached with concentration c1 (1mg/100ml) after 12 hours and with concentration c3 (100mg/100ml) after 72 hours.
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Vliv elicitorů, hnojení a technologie pěstování Ostropestřce mariánského (Silybum marianum L) na produkt a jeho využití
GUBIŠOVÁ, Jana
Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) has been one of the best known medici herb for a very long time. Seeds contain biologicky aktive substances taxifoiln, silychristin, silydianin, silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A and isosilybin B, commonly known as silymarin complex. The aim of this thesis was the influence of elicitors, fertilization and growing technology on this product and its utilizaion. In the first part I focused on history, botanic attributes, agrotechnology, chemical composition and substance efficiency method of determinativ and also on pharmacological onpacts of effective substances. In the practical part I conducted twho small parcel experiments to reveal the impal of elicitors on effective substances. I used two elicitors NanoFYTSi? in 1ml/l concentrantion and N-FENOLMIX? in 0.5ml/l concentration. In the second experiment from my supervisor elicitor NanoFYT Si? in 1ml/l concentraiton and N-FENOL MIX? in 0.5ml/l and elicitor ASA were used in three different concentration: low [10-5 mol/l], medium [ 10-4 mol/l] and high [10-3 mol/l]. In the conclusion I did statistical analysis of the above montioned experiments and compared them with other Publisher experiments. Then I propřed the growing technology and utilization of Milk Thistle.
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Technology of growing hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Elicitors influence on yield and product quality. His food and non-food use.
HAŠKOVCOVÁ, Petra
This thesis deals with growing hops technology, its use, the use of elicitation and herbal products for agricultural crops. The general part of the thesis deals with the history of hops, the morphology of the hop plant, hop growing technology, nutrition and fertilization, pest and disease control, harvesting and chemical composition of hops. The Czech Republic is traditionally one of the world's largest hop producers. Czech hops is world renowned for its quality, given by the absolutely predominant fine aromatic sort Žatecký poloraný červeňák. (ŽPC). Furthermore, this part provides information about the impact of elicitation on agricultural crops, the effect of herbal preparations and the use of hops. The last part summarizes the basic information about the common hops.
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Návrh technologie pěstování kotvičníku zemního (Tribulus terrestris L.) a jeho využití
BARTOŠ, Pavel
Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.) is an annual plant of the Zygophyllaceae family. Its medicinal properties have long been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine to treat various diseases. It has been shown that active substances, among which we count steroid saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phytosterols and alkaloids, have effects on reproduction, effects aphrodisiac, antibacterial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, diuretic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular and many other. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of elicitors on the content of selected active ingredients in Puncturevine. The elicitor in this work was acetylsalicylic acid of three different concentrations (10-3 mol.l-1, 10-4 mol.l-1, 10-5 mol.l-1) applied by spraying. Using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were in fruits and stems determined the content of diosgenin, protodioscin, ruscogenin. For all three compounds was observed positive effect of the elicitor on their content.
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The technology of cultivation and fertilization of barley (Hordeum) for the manufacture of food supplements' green barley ".
DARDOVÁ, Magdaléna
The aim of this thesis was to study the technology of cultivation and fertilization of barley (Hordeum) for the manufacture of food supplements' green barley ". The main active ingredients in green barley enzymes are superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase and transhydrogenase. Other ingredients are flavonoids saponarin, glykosylisovitexin and lutonarin. In producing research was determined the best technology for cultivation and fertilization of green barley. Most substances contains barley grown in organic farming. On the contrary, this barley has a higher content of nitrates due to the exclusive use of manure, which are nitrogen-potassium, and in such a system is a factor in low phosphorus. According to the Liebig law nitrogen which is not in balance with the element in the minimum, it is not able to transform plant nitrogen organic substances. From a nutritional point of view seems to be the best ecological cultivation of barley on dry freshwater lakes in the USA. The soil in these areas contain enough nutrients for barley, which is a prerequisite for good quality products. If green barley grown in the Czech Republic, it would be most appropriate cultivation conventional manner. The soils are poor in nutrients, and thus would only manure was insufficient. The increase of the active substances it is appropriate to use any of several kinds of elicitors. The most suitable varieties would malting barley varieties Sebastian, which includes most of the active substances.
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Growing technology of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) and fertilization with the aim of maximizing the quality of the product and its use
GUBIŠOVÁ, Jana
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) a medicinal plant known for thousands years. In the Czech Republic is purposely planted since the 70s of last century. Last few years increased worldwide interest about this plant mainly due to the pharmaceutical industry, which uses isolated of the active ingredients. The advantage of this plant is low demands on environment and high yields if suitable agrotechnics aspects and soil quality are provided. The main objective of this thesis was to gather available information about milk thistle, growing technology, and familiarity with its botanical characteristics, chemical composition and active ingredients, farming techniques, use, fertilization and past management. Furthermore the study was focused on summarizing the methods for the determination of certain active substances clarification the pharmacological effects and the influence of elicitation and cultivation techniques for the active substances. In the conclusion was summarized the problem of the cultivation of milk thistle and technology designed for growing in practice and of its use. Especially as a technology of soil preparation, choosing suitable proceeding crop, seeding, fertilizing and the most demanding plant harvest. Furthermore there was given a proposal for the use of seeds of milk thistle in the food industry, where is considered as insufficient. The potential of this medicinal plant would be for example for the production of functional foods.
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