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Country-level Electoral coalitions in the Czech Republic
Snížek, Jan ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
The issue of coalitions is a traditional political science topic closely related to electoral systems, party systems and party theory. In the Czech and foreign literature, however, political scientists mostly deal only with coalitions that emerge after elections. That is why I have chosen for my diplo-m thesis the research of pre-election coalitions. In my thesis I conduct research on electoral coalitions that ran for the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic or the Czech National Council. I have chosen this topic also because in the last parliamentary elections in 2021 two electoral coalitions successfully ran for election and then formed a joint government. In this thesis, I deal with the Christian Democratic Union (KDU), ODS and KDS coalitions, the Left Bloc coalition, the Liberal Social Union, the Four Coalitions, SPOLU and the coalition of the Pirates and the Mayors. I have researched all these electoral coalitions and analysed their functioning, behaviour, ideological interconnectedness and post-election behaviour and action on the political scene. For this thesis I used academic literature, newspaper articles from the time of the coalitions' functioning, parliamentary press, proceedings in the Chamber of Deputies and Internet sources in the form of news about political events. I also...
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Initiatives aiming to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America
Forejtová, Markéta ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (referee)
Bakalářská práce - Markéta Forejtová Abstract This thesis deals with initiatives to reform the Electoral College in the United States of America. The main goal of this thesis is to compare these initiatives and reflect their representativeness of election results. That means to evaluate how these initiatives assess individual votes cast. The main method used in this thesis is comparative analysis. This thesis is divided into four sections, with the first one briefly describing the creation of the Electoral College, as well as changes to its functioning until today. In the second part, controversial cases of presidential elections in the years 2000 and 2016 are described. The third part includes a description and comparison of the initiatives to reform the Electoral College, including their positive and negative aspects based on the criteria of individual vote reflection. To allow a more precise comparison, a hypothetical model of election results was created for each of the initiatives based on the 2016 presidential election. The fourth part explains the implementation of these potential reforms into U.S. law. This thesis comes to a conclusion that direct election of the president is the initiative that reflects the individual votes most precisely. In case of the proportional plan, the election of 2016...
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Changes in the voting law in the state of Texas and their impact on the electorate
Rambousková, Markéta ; Dopieralla, Jakub (advisor) ; Drašar, Michael (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of changes in the electoral system of state Texas and their potential impact on its' electorate. This thesis describes the historical context of the voting law, as well as the current situation regarding this matter. It also presents the most important statutory changes that exist on the federal level of the voting law and also the demographics of the state of Texas to better illustrate the social context. In particular, greater attention is given to two specific aspects of the voting law, namely Absentee Ballot and voter identification laws, the so-called Voter ID Laws. These aspects of voting rights have begun to re-emerge at the forefront of the voting rights debate as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated 2020 U.S. presidential election. Both of these phenomena are described in terms of their current regulation in the state of Texas and their potential impact on the electorate. The thesis concludes that both of these aspects of suffrage exist in Texas in a fairly strict form. In doing so, according to the researches mentioned, the absence of such statutory regulation, or its change, could theoretically lead to increased voter turnout and thus expand access to the franchise to other eligible voters. At the same time, however, it has become...
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Representation of National Minorities in the Parliaments of the Post-Yugoslav States
Ďurišová, Johana ; Höfer, Karel (advisor) ; Šárovec, Daniel (referee)
Skúmanie štátov bývalej Juhoslávie je vďaka nesustále pretrvávajúcemu napätiu a sporom medzi jednotlivými etnickým skupinami naďalej aktuálnou témou. Nesporne dôležitým faktorom pri zmierňovaní medzietnického napätia je inkluzívna politika voči národnostným menšinám, ktorá môže predchádzať pocitu vylúčenia a marginalizácii menšinových záujmov najmä legálnou podporou reprezentácie národnostných menšín v parlamente. Takáto forma reprezentácia dáva národnostnej menšine možnosť podieľať sa na tvorbe politiky, rozhodovacom procese a deľbe moci a získať sebavedomie, že jej záujmy sú zastupované. Práve reprezentácia národnostných menšín v štátoch bývalej Juhoslávie je vpredmetom výskumu tejto bakalárskej práce, pričom na reprezentáciu je nahliadané najmä z hľadiska toho, akým spôsobom získavajú národnostné menšiny kreslá v parlamente a aký vplyv má volebný systém a jeho špecifické opatrenia na výsledné zastúpenie národnostných menšín v legislatívnom orgáne. Hlavným cieľom práce je tieto podmienky nadobúdania deskriptívnej reprezentácie navzájom porovnať a zároveň porovnať vplyv jednotlivých volebných systémov a špeciálnych opatrení využívaných v danej oblasti na mieru zastúpenia národnostných menšín v jednotlivých parlamentoch. Pre porovnanie daných reálii je využívaná komparatívna metóda. V úvode práce sú...
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The electroral system for the Chamber of Deputies of Czech Republic: genesis, evolution and its future direction
Peškar, Michal ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Antoš, Marek (referee)
This final thesis deals with electoral system to the Chamber of Deputies of the Parliament of the Czech Republic. Its genesis, evolution and future are presented in 3 chapters and in the Conclusion. Work is designed as a case-study and it employs two methods - from general to particular, and from earlier to later. These methods are used in whole work as well as in particular chapters and subchapters. The first chapter introduces readers to the issue of electoral system in general. There are described two main voting systems - proportional and majority vote. Stress is put to the proportional system which has used for elections to the Chamber of Deputies. Also the question "which electoral system is the best" is mentioned. Following chapter surveys history of the electoral system and evolution from its establishment to the present. Main part of this chapter deals with a reform introduced in the year 2000 which was declared by the Constitutional Court as unconstitutional. New law, instead of blank spaces after the decision of the Constitutional Court, was adopted in the year 2002 and since that it has been valid till the present. The third chapter presents proposals of electoral reform from the year 2008 prepared by a group of experts on the basis of political assignment of contemporary Government....
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Elected representatives in municipal elections (case study of Kolín district)
Havlín, Brian ; Bednářová, Hana (advisor) ; Perlín, Radim (referee)
Elected representatives in municipal elections (case study of Kolín district) Abstract This thesis deals with the theme of municipal elections, specifically analysing the final positions of candidates and the elected mayors emerged from the vote in the municipal elections in 2014 according to the size of the groups of municipalities, using the district of Kolín as an example. Author focuses particularly on the candidature to the municipal councils and related electoral participation. The characteristics of elected representatives were also examined. Two hypotheses were proposed - H1: the competitiveness of elections increases with the increasing size of the municipality and H2: voter turnout is related to interest in the candidacy (number of candidates for the mandate). The thesis uses data available from the Czech Statistical Office and BISNODE company. The results show that the mayors were usually found on top of the candidate list and came from the winning party. Compared with the national average, larger amount of mayors upheld their position. Furthermore, it was found that voter turnout is not related so much to the number of candidates for a number of mandates, rather it is related to the number of candidates for a council to the number of inhabitants. The hypothesis that the competitiveness of...
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Mixed member proportional representation in New Zealand
Trávníček, Matěj ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee) ; Šedo, Jakub (referee)
The thesis is about New Zealand House of Representatives electoral system. In introductory part is briefly presented the political system of New Zealand. Then is currently used electoral system, its genesis and impacts of transition from the first past the post to mixed member proportional system researched. Thesis is in its effort focusing on segments of electoral system and trying to identify its problematic points and to introduce alternative electoral system proposed to the electors in referenda. The thesis is using the electoral studies methods, especially quantitative measuring of attributes of electoral system and party structure within the House of Representatives. Implementation of mixed member proportional electoral system returned New Zealand towards highly proportional electoral results and raised the number of relevant political parties and thus created the praxis of coalition and minority cabinets. Transition to mixed member proportional electoral system, which occurred as a result of referenda, also helped to solve a certain crisis of polity perception connected to first past the post system, which was that time in use. In New Zealand there is currently a high emphasis on expertise and public involvement in the matters of electoral system and contrary only a small part is played by political...
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Representation of National Minorities in the Parliaments of the Post-Yugoslav States
Ďurišová, Johana ; Höfer, Karel (advisor) ; Šárovec, Daniel (referee)
Skúmanie štátov bývalej Juhoslávie je vďaka nesustále pretrvávajúcemu napätiu a sporom medzi jednotlivými etnickým skupinami naďalej aktuálnou témou. Nesporne dôležitým faktorom pri zmierňovaní medzietnického napätia je inkluzívna politika voči národnostným menšinám, ktorá môže predchádzať pocitu vylúčenia a marginalizácii menšinových záujmov najmä legálnou podporou reprezentácie národnostných menšín v parlamente. Takáto forma reprezentácia dáva národnostnej menšine možnosť podieľať sa na tvorbe politiky, rozhodovacom procese a deľbe moci a získať sebavedomie, že jej záujmy sú zastupované. Práve reprezentácia národnostných menšín v štátoch bývalej Juhoslávie je vpredmetom výskumu tejto bakalárskej práce, pričom na reprezentáciu je nahliadané najmä z hľadiska toho, akým spôsobom získavajú národnostné menšiny kreslá v parlamente a aký vplyv má volebný systém a jeho špecifické opatrenia na výsledné zastúpenie národnostných menšín v legislatívnom orgáne. Hlavným cieľom práce je tieto podmienky nadobúdania deskriptívnej reprezentácie navzájom porovnať a zároveň porovnať vplyv jednotlivých volebných systémov a špeciálnych opatrení využívaných v danej oblasti na mieru zastúpenia národnostných menšín v jednotlivých parlamentoch. Pre porovnanie daných reálii je využívaná komparatívna metóda. V úvode práce sú...
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Czech Senate in perception of electors. The Analysis in View of History, Voter Turnout and Electoral System
Navrátil, Marek ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Švec, Kamil (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Senate of the Parliament of the Czech Republic in view of history, voter turnout and electoral system. The main purpose of the thesis is to present the Senate in terms of broad perspective, based on the analysis of selected parts of the political system. The thesis is a case study which includes an analysis of the Czech Constitution preparations, a voter turnout analysis with the main purpose to present crucial trends and simulation of some variations of qualified plurality rule on existing electoral results of the Senate elections. There is also the theory of bicameralism presented as a part of the theoretical part in the thesis. Based on the analysis the thesis presents extensive conclusions. In the view of history there are historical and ideological circumstances and also political demands of participants in the case of proposing the institution of Senate. The main conclusion on the view of voter turnout is that since 2008 there has been a continual decrease, particularly in run-off. The thesis brings two groups of solution in order that the Senate elections voter turnout might increase. First, technical changes in the electoral act could be made, and second, the whole electoral system in terms of single-round option could be changed. Based on the simulation,...
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