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Kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds uptake in the earthworm Eisenia andrei in soils with different content of organic carbon
Šmídová, Klára ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOCs) in soil. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge about bioavailability, factors influencing the bioavailability and methods for its measurement. Attention is paid to the organic carbon content, which is considered to be one of the key factors and to the influence of microorganisms that can degrade or interact with the substances, thus changing their bioavailable ratio. The practical part of the thesis uses bioaccumulation test with earthworm Eisenia andrei for evaluating the uptake kinetics HOCs in three soils with different organic carbon content. Soils were laboratory contaminated with mixtures of selected HOCs (phenanthrene, pyrene, lindane, p,p'-DDT and PCB 153) and the concentrations of substances in these soils were followed for 217 days. Subsequently, bioaccumulation test was conducted; earthworms were exposed from one to twenty-one days. The collected data were used to model uptake kinetics curves for individual substances. Peak-shaped bioaccumulation were found for pyrene, for lindane a steady-state concentration during exposure was observed, whereas for p,p'-DDT and PCB 153 growing concentrations after twenty days of exposure were detected. The reason for the different behavior of the substances was probably their diverse sorption on the organic material, which together with the different speed of elimination influenced final concentration in earthworms. Phenanthrene was not detected in some samples and therefore the modeling of uptake kinetics was not possible.
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Vermicomposting of wine production waste
Clark, Oskar William ; Innemanová, Petra (advisor) ; Grasserová, Alena (referee)
Vermicomposting is a method of biological waste management, with the potential for valuable returns in the form of biofertilisers and savings of time and effort. These qualities make vermicomposting ideal for the processing of winery waste materials. Vermicomposting has advantages over traditional composting in terms of the speed of transformation of the input materiál, but also in terms of producing a safe fertiliser. Waste materials from the wine industry, which primarily include grape marc and winery wastewater, have several properties that can contribute to phytotoxic effects in soil. This thesis provides an overview of the management of waste materials from the wine industry, the differences between white and red wine production, and the suitability of vermicomposting for application in small- and large-scale winery waste management. The experimental part of this thesis examines the time requirement of vermicomposting to transform grape marc into a material that does not possess properties that inhibit plant growth. Experimental measurements of the relationship between vermicompost age and germination inhibition show that vermicomposting increases the pH of the substrate and stabilizes it over time. The experiment also showed that vermicompost has a statistically significant stimulatory...
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Molekulárna charakterizácia vybraných obranných faktorov v čeľadi Lumbricidae
Mančíková, Veronika ; Bilej, Martin (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Earthworms belonging to oligochaete annelids have been a model for comparative immunology for over 40 years. They possess various defense mechanisms efficiently recognizing and responding to non-self substances. Among these there are molecules with many biological activities including cytolytic, antimicrobial and proteolytic. This work is aimed to compare the immunological features of two closely related earthworm species Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida. Due to many morphological and life cycle similarities they have been, until recently, regarded as members of subspecies. Interestingly, their natural habitat varies considerably, and it was of particular interest to investigate how these environmental differences affect the features of innate immunity of both species. Key words: annelids, innate immunity, Eisenia andrei, Eisenia fetida, CCF, fetidin, lysenin, lysozyme
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Molekulárna charakterizácia vybraných obranných faktorov v čeľadi Lumbricidae
Mančíková, Veronika ; Bilej, Martin (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Earthworms belonging to oligochaete annelids have been a model for comparative immunology for over 40 years. They possess various defense mechanisms efficiently recognizing and responding to non-self substances. Among these there are molecules with many biological activities including cytolytic, antimicrobial and proteolytic. This work is aimed to compare the immunological features of two closely related earthworm species Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida. Due to many morphological and life cycle similarities they have been, until recently, regarded as members of subspecies. Interestingly, their natural habitat varies considerably, and it was of particular interest to investigate how these environmental differences affect the features of innate immunity of both species. Key words: annelids, innate immunity, Eisenia andrei, Eisenia fetida, CCF, fetidin, lysenin, lysozyme
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Vliv vermikompostu na růst rostlin a rozvoj mykorhizní symbiózy
Prokopová, Ladislava
The theoretical part is devoted to the production of vermi compost, earthworm breeding and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. The practical part of the procedure followed in establishing containter experimentwith lettuce (Lactuca sativa), further evaluation and processing of results in tables and graphs. The aim was to experimentally determine the effect on plant growth vermi compost. Furthermore, it aims to validate the influence of colonization root mycorrhizal fungi. Effect of vermi compost to an average dry weight of aboveground and underground materials was confirmed and significant difference was observed. Vermi compost had also an influence on the length outer root root hyphae per cm2 membrane filter. Impact on the percentage of root colonization was clearly confirmed. In addition, as of Symbivit mycorrhizal positive influence on above and below ground biomass and the length outside the root hyphae. Impact on the percentage of root colonization was not significantly manifested.
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Kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds uptake in the earthworm Eisenia andrei in soils with different content of organic carbon
Šmídová, Klára ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOCs) in soil. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge about bioavailability, factors influencing the bioavailability and methods for its measurement. Attention is paid to the organic carbon content, which is considered to be one of the key factors and to the influence of microorganisms that can degrade or interact with the substances, thus changing their bioavailable ratio. The practical part of the thesis uses bioaccumulation test with earthworm Eisenia andrei for evaluating the uptake kinetics HOCs in three soils with different organic carbon content. Soils were laboratory contaminated with mixtures of selected HOCs (phenanthrene, pyrene, lindane, p,p'-DDT and PCB 153) and the concentrations of substances in these soils were followed for 217 days. Subsequently, bioaccumulation test was conducted; earthworms were exposed from one to twenty-one days. The collected data were used to model uptake kinetics curves for individual substances. Peak-shaped bioaccumulation were found for pyrene, for lindane a steady-state concentration during exposure was observed, whereas for p,p'-DDT and PCB 153 growing concentrations after twenty days of exposure were detected. The reason for the different behavior of the substances was probably their diverse sorption on the organic material, which together with the different speed of elimination influenced final concentration in earthworms. Phenanthrene was not detected in some samples and therefore the modeling of uptake kinetics was not possible.
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Mycotic flora in vermicultures and intestines of Eisenia andrei
Nováková, Alena ; Pižl, Václav
In spring and autumn 2000, microscopic fungi associated with fresh and processed substrates and with the intestines of Eisenia andrei were studied in three vermiculture plants differing in their productivity. 119 species and 6 forms of microscopic fungi were isolated. Of those, 97 taxa were recorded from vermiculture substrates and 76 taxa from worm intestines. In vermiculture substrates, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum and P. roquefortii were dominant among taxa isolated by soil dilution plate method, and Rhizopus stolonifer was most frequently isolated by soil washing technique. A. fumigatus, Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides and P. expansum predominated in the intestines of earthworms. Processed vermiculture substrates regularly yielded higher numbers of cultivable micromycetes (CFU-counts) than fresh ones. The CFU-counts of earthworm intestines were close to those of processed substrates in two vermiculture plants studied. In the third plant, however, intestinal CFU-count was the same as that found in fresh vermiculture substrate.
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