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Animal species in Czech and Danish phraseology
Mořická, Eva ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Houhová, Jana (referee)
and key words The final thesis discuss idiomatic expressions, which includes words related to animal kingdom. An essential point of the whole thesis was creation of a list of all relevant Danish idioms. There was found their Danish definitions as well and subsequently also their Czech equivalent words. Equivalent degree was found by all words. The thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. The first one describes idiomacity and phraseology as a whole and compares Danish and Czech works on this topic. Other subjects, which is needed in the practical part, is discussed. Deep analysis of the list of the idioms is the content of the practical part of the thesis. Main topics is perception of animals in Czech and Danish, degree of their mutual equivalency and some other specific subjects related to animal idioms. Key words: animal kingdom, Czech, Danish, equivalency, etymology, phraseology
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The mutual intelligibility of Swedish and Danish in tourist interactions outside of Scandinavia
Kohoutová, Alexandra ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Slouková, Radka (referee)
The continental Scandinavian languages are very closely related and this fact often leads to the presumption that their speakers are able to communicate with each other without using another language (e.g. English); this type of communication is called semicommunication (this term firstly used Haugen in his paper from 1966). Although there are many historical, social and linguistic preconditions which favour semicommunication, interactions between Scandinavians can be characterized by frequent misunderstandings. This thesis focuses on semicommunication between Danish and Swedish and it consists of the author's research on Danish-Swedish conversations outside of Scandinavia with both native and non-native speakers of the languages. The research took place in Prague, in a tourist office with Danish owners and Scandinavian clients. It is based on audio recordings of conversations between non-native Swedish speaking employees of the office and Danish tourists. The aim of the research is to find out in which situations and why semicommunication fails, how the possible misunderstandings are solved and whether they create problems for subsequent communication. The conclusion of the analysis is that the extent of misunderstandings was about the same with Danish tourists and Swedish speaking employees of...
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Anglicisms in Danish and Czech language. A Comparative study.
Šimsová, Anna ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Dubec, Pavel (referee)
The topic of this thesis is a comparison of attitude to English loanwords in Czech and Danish. The process of adopting anglicisms into both languages is viewed from several different angles in effort to provide a complex picture of the researched issue. The first part is devoted to the description of the diachronic development of Czech and Danish, especially to the influence of foreign languages on their vocabulary. In this part there is also defined used terminology and the theoretical framework is described, i.e. ways of enriching vocabulary and characterization of borrowings from foreign languages. The second part is devoted to the sociolinguistic view, i.e. the language policy of both countries, the approach of language institutions. In this section there are also described some central topics that are typical for the current linguistic situation in the Czech Republic and Denmark. The third part describes the formal adaptation of anglicisms in Czech and Danish from the morphological, orthographic, phonetic and syntactic point of view. The last chapter is devoted to the evaluation of the survey, which represents the practical part of this thesis. The theoretical part was processed using the method of literary review and the practical part using the questioning method. Since the thesis deals with...
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The mutual intelligibility of Swedish and Danish in tourist interactions outside of Scandinavia
Kohoutová, Alexandra ; Sherman, Tamah (advisor) ; Slouková, Radka (referee)
The continental Scandinavian languages are very closely related and this fact often leads to the presumption that their speakers are able to communicate with each other without using another language (e.g. English); this type of communication is called semicommunication (this term firstly used Haugen in his paper from 1966). Although there are many historical, social and linguistic preconditions which favour semicommunication, interactions between Scandinavians can be characterized by frequent misunderstandings. This thesis focuses on semicommunication between Danish and Swedish and it consists of the author's research on Danish-Swedish conversations outside of Scandinavia with both native and non-native speakers of the languages. The research took place in Prague, in a tourist office with Danish owners and Scandinavian clients. It is based on audio recordings of conversations between non-native Swedish speaking employees of the office and Danish tourists. The aim of the research is to find out in which situations and why semicommunication fails, how the possible misunderstandings are solved and whether they create problems for subsequent communication. The conclusion of the analysis is that the extent of misunderstandings was about the same with Danish tourists and Swedish speaking employees of...
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French Lexical Borrowings in Danish Language
Dědečková, Antonie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Slouková, Radka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the Danish lexical loanwords of French origin and marginally other North Germanic languages from the diachronic and synchronous perspective. The first part focuses on the historical context of the arrival of loanwords in Northern Europe, particularly the period between the 16th and 18th century when France was an influential cultural hegemony. The second part of this study deals with French loanwords in contemporary Danish, Norwegian and Swedish. Loanwords in Danish were submitted to lexical, graphic and phonetic analysis. The language material was drawn from the vocabulary of contemporary Danish "Politikens Nudansk Ordbog" (2000). The thesis describes the adaptation of rules for loanwords in the Norwegian and Swedish spelling. The aim of this study is to create a comprehensive overview of the acceptance of French loanwords in North-Germanic languages.
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Animal species in Czech and Danish phraseology
Mořická, Eva ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Houhová, Jana (referee)
and key words The final thesis discuss idiomatic expressions, which includes words related to animal kingdom. An essential point of the whole thesis was creation of a list of all relevant Danish idioms. There was found their Danish definitions as well and subsequently also their Czech equivalent words. Equivalent degree was found by all words. The thesis is divided into theoretical part and practical part. The first one describes idiomacity and phraseology as a whole and compares Danish and Czech works on this topic. Other subjects, which is needed in the practical part, is discussed. Deep analysis of the list of the idioms is the content of the practical part of the thesis. Main topics is perception of animals in Czech and Danish, degree of their mutual equivalency and some other specific subjects related to animal idioms. Key words: animal kingdom, Czech, Danish, equivalency, etymology, phraseology
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Politeness in Danish in Comparison with Czech
Halamíčková, Zuzana ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare linguistic means of expressing politeness in Czech and in Danish. The term politeness covers both norms defining socially acceptable behaviour and strategies that speakers use to achieve their goals and avoid conflicts. After defining the term politeness, I briefly introduce the most influential theoretical approaches to politeness since the 1960s. The second chapter brings an overview of linguistic means of expressing politeness in Czech and in Danish. The last, most comprehensive part of the thesis is concerned with selected areas typically connected to politeness, i.e. greetings and forms of address, expressing thanks and reacting to them, orders, bans, and requests. In Czech, a polite request usually contains the particle prosím (please). This word has no equivalent in spoken Danish; however, Danish speakers can make use of other expressions, such as particles godt, nok, lige and vel, or the expression vil du være sød/venlig (would you be so kind). They can also use some of the conventional means of expressing a request indirectly. Many of those strategies are common to both languages, especially formulating the requests as a question, perhaps in a negative form. Polite requests in Czech are characterized by the use of conditional, Danish requests typically...
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Spoken Danish in the Contemporary Danish Literature and its Translation into Czech
Cmíralová, Markéta ; Březinová, Helena (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the methods used by translators when translating spoken language in contemporary Danish fiction into Czech. In the first chapter, the Czech translation tradition is defined. This tradition influences Czech usage and tendencies. The second chapter introduces the features of stylized language reflected in literature written in Czech. As will be shown, these are mainly lexicological and morphological features and related stylistical means. The following chapters are devoted to the analysis of individual features of stylized language and their translation into Czech. Discussed are loanwords, diminutives, expletives, morphological changes, realia and politeness. The translated units are compared with Czech translation tradition and literature written in Czech.
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Danish prepositions. Semantic analysis
Bednářová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
5 ABSTRACT In this thesis, we examine the possibilities of a semantic analysis of spatial configurations represented by Danish prepositions. In the theoretical part of the thesis, we explore the means that cognitive linguistics uses to describe meaning in general, and to describe spatial configuration in particular. We also briefly present the results of several analyses of English spatial expressions. In the practical part of the thesis, we then apply the cognitive linguistics' terms and methods on material gathered from Danish dictionaries and grammar handbooks and Danish Corpus, in order to achieve an analysis of spatial senses represented by the Danish preposition i. The result of our analysis is a structured overview of the preposition's distinct spatial senses, accompanied by a suggestion of the preposition's semantic network. KEY WORDS: cognitive semantics, spatial scene, schema, spatial configuration, prepositions, Danish
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Use of modality in Danish and Czech with focus on modal verbs
Nedělčevová, Anna ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Hartlová, Dagmar (referee)
The Bachelor Thesis deals with the comparison of the use of modality in Czech and Danish. At the beginning of the Thesis, the term modality is introduced. In the following part the possibilities of expressing modality in both languages are briefly described and the next part is focused on the modal verbs. The reader is acquainted with the analysis concerning translation from Czech to Danish and vice versa using the text Nesnesitelná lehkost bytí from Milan Kundera and its translation to Danish in corpus of parallel texts. The findings obtained from the analysis aim to specify semantic description of modal verbs presented in accessible grammar books. In addition, this new description takes in consideration the needs of Czech speaker.
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