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Diagnostika parazitárních onemocnění a úspěšnost vybraných terapeutických postupů u lichokopytníků a sudokopytníků
HAVRDOVÁ, Nikola
This dissertation dealt with the diagnosis and therapeutic procedures for the treatment of parasitic diseases in odd-toed and even-toed ungulates with selected anthelmintics. Between 2020 - 2023, 5.359 artiodactyls and 819 solipeds, namely cattle, sheep, goats, aurochs, mouflon, deer, bison, bison bonasus, horses, donkeys and ponies, were microscopically examined for the presence of nematodes, trematodes or cestodes in faecal samples in the Czech Republic. Molecularly, 76 cattle samples, 26 bison bonasus samples and 52 bison samples were examined for the presence of trematodes and C. daubneyi was detected. Parasitic infections were monitored in naturally infected individuals, and during the study no clinical signs suggestive of parasitemia were observed in any of the monitored individuals. The most parasitic infections were evaluated for H. contortus, O. ostertagi, M. benedeni, C. daubneyi and A. perfoliata. As part of the dissertation, a total of ten anthelmintics available in the Czech Republic were chosen, focusing on individual categories of parasitic infections in various animal species. Based on laboratory analyzes of LDA tests, the species of nematode was determined according to the developmental stage of the larvae, which helped to choose the appropriate anthelmintic during treatment. In conclusion, it can be stated that almost all anthelmintics have been shown to be effective in therapeutically treated farm animals.
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Influence of tissue helminths on the development of cancers in model organisms
Schreiber, Manfred ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Kolářová, Libuše (referee)
Mesocestoides corti and Taenia crassiceps are tapeworms, larvae of which are characterized by their ability to reproduce asexually. In this work, the effect of infection by M. corti and T. crassiceps in BALB/c, C57BL/6J and ICR mice on the growth and metastasis of B16F10 melanoma tumors was investigated. Although an increase in metastatic activities was observed after intravenous administration of melanoma cells to M. corti-infected mice, both tapeworms showed a strong suppressive effect on the size and number of tumors and metastases formed when the cells were administered intraperitoneally. This, in some cases, led to a complete elimination of tumor cells. In vitro cultivation of B16F10 cells in the presence of larval excretory-secretory products led to a decrease in their viability but an increase in their migration ability. Flow cytometry proved that M. corti infection has an effect on the increased number and proportion of macrophage populations in the peritoneum of ICR mice. Our work confirmed the anti-tumor effect of T. crassiceps infection in mice and introduced M. corti as a new helminth species capable of influencing cancer. Key words: helminths, cestodes, cancers, Mesocestoides corti, Taenia crassiceps
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Migration and pathogenicity of neurotropic helminths
Pech, Václav ; Chanová, Marta (referee) ; Horák, Petr (advisor)
A neurotropism of helminths can be observed in their intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts. Neurotropic helminths migrate through the nervous tissue, where maturation and reproduction can take place. The neurotropic helminths can be found in the family of trematodes (Diplostomum baeri, D. phoxini, Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus, Trichobilharzia regenti), cestodes (Taenia multiceps, T. solium) and nematodes (Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Elaphostrongylus cervi, Parelaphostronglus tenuis, Baylisascaris procyonis). Presence of these helminths in the nervous tissue can (usually with contribution of the immune system) lead to neurological or other pathological changes: the infected hosts can even die. Some of the neurotropic helminths (A. cantonensis, B. procyonis, T. solium, T. multiceps) can infect humans as well.
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Morphological analysis of the tapeworms eggs of the order Diphyllobothriidea
LEŠTINOVÁ, Kateřina
The order Diphyllobothriidea is a unique group of tapeworms in terms of the wide spectrum of definitive hosts involving all groups of tetrapods including man. They are almost globally distributed in both freshwater and marine ecosystems, but there are also terrestrial species. It is very difficult to identify species of diphyllobothriid cestodes to the species level. Morphology of the eggs might represent a new method in the differential diagnosis of these parasites. Besides the size and shape of the eggs, the structure of egg surface might play a significant role in the determination of different taxa. For the analysis of these characteristics Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Experimental infections in hamsters and man were done.
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