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Mustelid carnivores of Central Europe in the Quaternary fossil record
Vencová, Barbora ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Kyselý, René (referee)
The present paper reports results of detailed examination of fossil record of mustelid carnivores deposited in the collections of Faculty of Science, Charles University and National Museum Prague. In total 414 items were analyzed coming from 136 Quaternary and Pliocene community samples (6 MN51-17, 8 Q1, 10 Q2, 2 Q3, 104 Q4) of diverse sites in Czech Republic and Slovakia. Results of detailed biometrical analysis compared with corresponding data obtained in a set of extant taxa (204 ind. 8 spp.) and extensive literary resources revealed presence of 16 taxa (9 extant, 7 fossil). Larger samples enabling a more detailed analysis were available for the genus Martes, and in particular for a groups of Mustela nivalis - M.erminea which composed 77% of all fossil records. The earliest items (MN15-MN17) co-identified with M.pliocaenica conform well to expected common ancestor of both extant species. Yet, also those from the Early Pleistocene (MN17-Q2: M.praenivalis, M.plioerminea) show certain differences, which suggest that phenotype morphocline establishing extant populations established only during the Middle Pleistocene (Q3). A particularly rich sample available from the present glacial cycle (mostly continuous Vistulian - Holocene sequences) revealed unexpected predominance of the glacial records...
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Traded animal species: comparison between IUCN and CITES
KORCH, Martin
The legal and illegal trade in wild animals and plants is still growing and creates constant pressure on entire ecosystems. There are many organizations that try to prevent this problem and regulate the international trade. Such organizations include the IUCN and the international convetion CITES. Due to a lack of coordination, the number of business records is constantly increasing and it can lead to rapid extinction of species. The aim of the work is to find out the overlap between critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable and internationally traded species: Araneae, Chilopoda, Lepidoptera, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Dipneusti, Coelacanthii and Carnivora listed by IUCN and the species included in appendices I, II or III to the international convention CITES. The analysis revealed that of 1 585 internationally traded species listed by IUCN is 42% (1 585 species) unprotected by CITES. That is almost half of the species that are overlooked and potentially in need of international trade regulation. Aquatic organisms are among the most endangered species (41%) and only one percent includes terrestrial organism.
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Carnivores and ungulates in Mid-European landscape
Podhůrská, Marie ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Hart, Vlastimil (referee)
Carnivores and ungulates in Mid-European landscape Abstract The paper provides a brief survey of abundance status and population trends for most species of large mammals distributed in the Czech Republic. Abundance dynamics during past decades is discussed based on hunter statistic records covering both yearly data on hunting bags and standardized accounts of spring abundance of game animals from gamekeeper's evidence. It is documented that most of the species including regularly hunted ungulates, most of mesocarnivores and currently expanding species (racoon dog, racoon) are undergoing fluent population density increase contrasting with decrease of abundance of smaller to medium sized forms (hare, rabbit, marten, polecat). The respective data suggest that recently the community structure of large mammals has undergone considerable rearrangements. The monitoring of such phenomena is worth of a serious zoological research. The paper discussed methodological issues for such studies with particular attention to techniques of monitoring with aid of automated camera traps. Relations of the recorded faunal changes and landscapes rearrangements during past decades are also discussed. The paper is supplementing with a brief summary of two-year camera trap study in Brdy Mts. Key words: carnivora and ungulates,...
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Carnivores in habitats of current landscape: a comparison based on phototrap recordings
Pyšková, Klára ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Červený, Jaroslav (referee)
Common carnivore species in the Czech Republic, such as fox, badger, marten, or weasel have not been recently paid much attention. This mammalian group is not easy to monitor but with modern technologies animals can be observed almost undisturbed. I collected data using camera traps in the Polabí region in Central Bohemia, about 30 km from Prague. I placed 73 camera traps in four different habitats (wetland; alluvial forest; mixed forest; and scrub grassland). Each habitat was represented by 3-4 localities in a fragmented landscape, made up of seminatural habitats and human-used areas. Over 366 days of monitoring I recorded 8 carnivore species, one of them non-native (golden jackal). None of the allegedly common invasive species in the Czech Republic (raccoon dog, american mink, raccoon) were found. The habitats did not differ in number of observed species, which is probably due to a low number of species found and the small size of the study area. Habitat preferences and seasonal and circadian activity in my study area generally correspond to the findings of previous ecological studies, but the novel aspect of my research is the robust, statistically analysed results based on long-term quantitative data. One conclusion I consider important from the conservation point of view is that most of our carnivore...
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Methods of Carnivores genetic monitoring in Holarctis
Smutný, Matyáš ; Černá Bolfíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Miroslav, Miroslav (referee)
Genetic monitoring begins to be widely used for monitoring carnivores, in Europe this method is also used for monitoring of other species. In this work I focused on exact definition of genetic monitoring, what is the practical use of this method and function together with other methods of monitoring. In my work I further examined invasive and non-invasive methods of gathering samples and well-known but also less known methods of monitoring of small carnivores in general and large carnivores namely.
For practical part I extracted DNA from thirty three samples of faeces and eight samples of tissue. Thirty blood samples used in this work were extracted in the research From Wolves to Dogs and Back: Genetic Composition of the Czechoslovakian Wolfdog by Smetanová et al. (2015). Scats came from Beskydy and Kokořínsko, tissues were from legal blast in Slovakia and specimen killed in Valašské Meziříčí and Kokořínsko, and blood came from dogs. After extraction I measured the concentration of DNA by spectrophotometer NanoDrop 2000 and using statistical program Statistica 12 I compared their quality. The blood had the highest average concentration od DNA, the lowest in contrast had tissue. In this work I discuss which genetic material is most suitable, in terms of yield of genetic monitoring, and additionally the limits of each method.
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Metodika k monitoringu velkých šelem
Hnutí DUHA, Olomouc ; Kutal, Miroslav
Byla vytvořena Metodika monitoringu založená na validaci dat podle zkušeností obdobného projektu SCALP probíhající v Alpských zemích a s přihlédnutím k lokálním specifikům ČR . Metodika byla konzultována s AOPK ČR a stane se součástí monitoringu druhů Canis lupus, Lynx lynx a Ursus arctos dle Směrnice o stanovištích 92/43/ECC. Dle vytvořené metodiky bylo validováno 86 záznamů o druhu Canis lupus, 184 záznamů o druhu Lynx lynx a 26 záznamů druhu Ursus arctos v CHKO Beskydy.
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Manuál monitoringu velkých šelem
Hnutí DUHA, Olomouc ; Kutal, Miroslav
Byl připraven, vytištěn a distribuován informační materiál „Příručka vlčích hlídek“, který slouží jako informační materiál pro zájemce, kteří se chtějí zapojit do vlčích hlídek v Beskydech a potažmo i rysích hlídek na Šumavě. Materiál ukazuje stopy a pobytové značky živočichů, které účastníci hlídek mohou v terénu potkat. Také upozorňuje na činnost lovců a na další věci, kterých si dobrovolníci mají všímat.
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The coat colouration of Felidae
PAVLISKA, Petr
The coat colouration has been studied in the family Felidae. I have tried to describe a structure, composition and marks of the mammalian coat and to show possible changes of the colouration based on my own direct observations. Finally I have made a getting methodology of photographic data for possible application in the species- and individual- identification in felids. This study is based on the literal review and personal observations in the zoological gardens (especially in the Czech Republic). This review offers to me some hypothese for future investigation.
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