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Analysis of drugs in the earthworms using the QuEChERS method
Navrkalová, Jitka ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The content of this Bachelor‘s thesis is an analysis of pharmaceuticals in earthworms using the QuECHERS method followed by the LC-MS/MS analysis. The theoretical part focuses on the specific groups of used drugs, their properties and applications. Furthermore, it focuses on the occurrence of drugs in the environment from their input to the negative consequences including the impact on earthworms. The theoretical part also discusses the QuEChERS method and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. At first in the experimental part, the QuEChERS method (concretely parameters like organic solvent, aqueous phase composition, amount of EDTA, purification method) was optimized for the extraction of 31 drugs from earthworms analytically completed by LC MS/MS. This optimized and validated method is subsequently applied to the extraction of drugs from earthworms from the performed experiments. The experiments focus on the effect of drug concentration in soil and the presence of biochar on the uptake of different drugs by earthworms.
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The effect of earthworms on plant communities
Čápová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis provides a literature review, which mainly deals with the distinction of short-term and long-term effect of earthworms on the soil. The work describes the whole process of succession, succession on dump, the research part is carried out on land from dumps. The influence of plants on soil and the influence of soil on plants are described. As well as the effects of biota on soil and soil on biota. In particular, the effect of earthworms on the area and the distinction between short-term and long-term earthworm effects are described. The research part deals with the distinction between short-term and long-term effects of earthworms on the soil and plant growth. Above all, a detailed analysis of the soil on which the pot experiment took place. Aboveground and underground biomass and growth of early and late successive plant species were examined, as well as soil pH, conductivity, microbial respiration, PLFA, ergosterol, determination of NO3-, P, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and C: N ratio. Thanks to these analyzes, we can better distinguish our investigative issue. The results of my work showed a significant effect of both the immediate presence of earthworms and long-term presence on plant growth and microbial activity. These interactions have been shown to have a complicated pattern during...
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Beech and spruce forest stands conditions in the area of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids and soil zoocenosis
Bayer, Jakub
Soil epigeal fauna of beech and spruce forest stands had been monitored for 8 years (2007-2014) in 37 selected research area in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Collection of material carried out twice per year in spring and autumn aspects. Site characteristics of research localities were characterized by high variability while 4 vegetation altitudinal zones, 8 edaphic categories and 12 forest site types had been distinguished. Soil fauna was extracted by Tullgren devices. Within the monitoring, 11 target animal groups were engaged in: mites, springtails, larvae stages of ground beetles, symphylans, diplurans, proturans, centipedes and millipedes, larvae stages of rove beetles, adults of rove beetles, earthworms, larvae stages of click beetles (wireworms). Earthworm´s and wireworm´s cenosis were deterimined into species and genera, respectively. Remaing groups of soil fauna had been studied within larger systematic categories. Subsequently, abundance and dominance of the particular groups of soil epigeal fauna. The outputs had been compared each other and potential relations between particular animal groups to the specific site properties, vegetation altitudinal zones, edaphic categories and forest site types had been assessed thereby. Overall, 274 015 individuals were captured within the monitored soil animal groups. Several groups of soil cenosis were disvored specific relations to the site conditions. Additionally, 12 species of earthwomrs were distinguished while Dendrobaena octaedra seemed to be significantly dominant species representing 68,33 % of total earthworm´s species spectrum. Larvae stages of wireworms were determined into 5 genera. Representatives of Athous genera formed almost 86 % of the population of wireworms.
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Porovnání a hodnocení zařízení pro vermikompostování a kompostování v pásových zakládkách
Hustý, Miroslav
The current thesis focuses on comparison and evaluation of technical equipment for vermicomposting and composting in band piles. The technology of processing of biowaste and necessary technical equipment and machinery of composting plants are compared. The work is based on data obtained from field work, literature and internet sources. Two plants with different technologies of composting are assessed. I am considering the construction, technical equipment and machinery needed for daily operation in both plants. Also the final product - compost is explored in laboratory. The final results show that plants of similar size have similar requirements for technical equipment and machinery and their final product is equal in law requirement regarding dangerous substances.
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Using of soil microstructure in study of soil fauna bioturbation in post mining sites
Suchá, Linda ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
The paper follows up on previous analyses of changes in soil microstructure in the process of soil development on dumps around Sokolov, Czech Republic, using the soil thin section method. The distribution of structures in the topsoil of the profile was studied in two chronosequences, one overgrown with spontaneous vegetation and one reclaimed by alder planting. A comparison with historical data obtained at these locations 10 years ago was used, and, therefore, the same methods were also applied (Frouz et al., 2007b). The most distinct trend in the process of soil development over time, as observed through both a comparison of soil thin sections from various areas of chronosequence and changes in particular sites over time, is a gradual reduction of purely mineral structures and their replacement by organic matter - litter and its fragments, faecal pellets of arthropods, earthworms coprolites, and roots. This is illustrative of a high share of biogenic structures and a fundamental contribution of organisms to forming topsoil, a fact also pointed out by other authors. Keywords: Soil macrofauna; Soil microstructure; Soil thin section; Reclamation; Post-mining sites; Soil development; Earthworms
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Effect of substrate on the production of earthworms Dendrobena veneta
SCHMIDTMAJEROVÁ, Eva
The importance of biological processes for processing of organic wastes is widely acknowledged. My thesis focuses on one of the most efficient methods for conversion of organic wastes into precious products, which are at the same time environmentally friendly. Vermicomposting includes complex food webs and simultaneously modifies various chemical forms of basic nutrients into inorganic compounds, useful for plant nutrition. The thesis briefly describes biology, distribution and basic ecological categories of earthworms and shows their importance in decomposition organic wastes. I describe here the main earthworm species and then concentrate on Dendrobaena veneta. I then compare 5 substrates from the point of view of their suitability for production of this earthworm species and of the suitability of the resulting substrate as fertilizer. I have found that the best substrate for production of Dendrobaena veneta was the output of a sewarage plant and pure celulose.
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