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Genetické možnosti šlechtění včely medonosné
Orlova, Sofiia
There was a significant decrease in bees worldwide in the early 21st century. This thesis focused on the study of genetic factors affecting the biodiversity of a population A. mellifera. A lot of genetic markers associated with key features of bees, such as hygiene behaviour and resistance to disease, can be used to select new lines with better characteristics and the potential to maintain and improve bee population. Exploitation of molecular genetic methods, such as SNP detection, has helped to identify genetic variants in some individuals and track their spread. In combination with traditional selection methods, for instance performance-based selection and phenotype analysis, molecular methods allow the selection of individuals with the best genetic characteristics and the improvement of the overall genetic quality of the bee population. Genetic diversity is a crucial factor for the health and survival of bee colonies, it is therefore important for beekeepers to use modern molecular genetic techniques to preserve the best bee qualities.
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Analýza délky struků u českého strakatého skotu
Sečkař, Jan
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of teat length in first-calf heifers of Czech Fleckvieh cattle. The measured teat length is here evaluated and related to other selected indicators of exterior and milk yield in the selected group of first-calf heifers. The work also compares the values of the measured teat lengths with the estimated values of the exterior evaluator from the official evaluation of the exterior of first-calf heifers. In connection with teat length, an analysis of the used bulls and lines in breeding is carried out here. In this experiment were measured 121 first-calf heifers. The average length of hind teats was 3.4 cm and fore teats 4.52 cm. The measured values were statistically significantly different from the official teat length estimate, the teat lengths indicated by the exterior evaluator were on average 0.24 cm higher. It can also be stated that the front teats were on average 1.2 cm longer than the rear teats. The correlation between fore and hind teat length was 0.73. No statistically significant influence of the level of milk yield on the length of the front and back teats was observed. On the other hand, a statistically significant influence of the sire effect (p <0.01) on the length of the front teats was observed. Chest circumference also had a statistically significant (p <0.05) effect on the length of the front and back teats. Dairy cows with a larger chest circumference had longer teats. In conclusion, it can be stated that milk productivity is not related to the length of the teats, the father's influence appears to be essential, so the farmer can solve the problem of short teats in his herd especially by using suitable bulls with regard to the breeding value for teat length.
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Zmapování aktuálního sortimentu PIWI odrůd v evropských zemích
Beneš, Radek
This thesis was made at the Institute of viticulture and enology at the Faculty of Horticulture Mendel University in the years 2014/2015. This work is focused on mapping the current situation of cultivated varieties of grapes with a focus on Piwi varieties in selected European countries. The work also formed information on the history of breeding these varieties in our country and the world. The work describes the current stretch of vineyards in the individual countries and also most commonly grown varieties in these countries. Furthermore, the work focuses on the characterization of selected cultivars and compilation of the final table, which allows the selection of different varieties for planting.
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The malting barley breeding and growing in the Czech Republic
PANSKÁ, Terezie
The breeding and cultivation of malting barley has an irreplaceable role in the Czech Republic. Malting barley is bred and grown mainly to produce quality grain, which is a key commodity to produce domestic beer. Increasing demands are placed on the quality and yield of malting grain, due to the rising level of "Czech beer ". The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the quality of malting barley in the Czech Republic in 2010-202. Further collect and evaluate knowledge about breed-ing and malting barley cultivation in the Czech Republic. The work is created in the form of a literature search and monitoring results of ÚKZÚZ and the Czech Statistical Office for the period. The first part of the litera-ture search is focused on the breeding of barley and the development of new varie-ties, so to ensure a genetic influence on the resulting quality and yield of the leading grain of malting barley. Subsequent cultivation includes a description of the devel-opment of technologies that also contribute to the quality and yield of final produc-tion. The final part of the bachelor's thesis is devoted to a summary of the results of breeding and cultivation for the period, which showed the irreplaceable application and productive development of this cereal.
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Návrh standardu plemene králíka Miniature Lop a porovnání metod šlechtění
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Monika
The main topic of this diploma thesis is the rabbit breed Miniature Lop, which is not yet recognized in the Czech Republic. Miniature Lop was bred in Great Britain, where the breed standard was accepted in 1994. Standard breeds have been also accepted by other European countries. The aim of this work was to design a breeding standard to correspond foreign standards. Another goal was to evaluate the situation of this breed in the Czech Republic and describe the various breeding methods. The data were processed through the Survio online questionnaire and through the creation of tables in MS Excel, which were sent to a total of ten Czech breeders. Graphs and tables were made in Apple Numbers. The first import of the Miniature Lop breed from Great Britain took place in 2017. The number of breeders dedicated to this breed is increasing. At the same time, the number of imported individuals to the Czech Republic is growing. As by March 31, 2022, a total of 86 individuals had been imported from abroad. A total of 26 animals were marked with the B.R.C. ring. The majority of individuals, a total of 62 %, came from Great Britain. Slovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Austria followed. The individuals for whom the name of the original breeder was mentioned came from a total of 30 different foreign breeders. The rabbits were imported in a total of 51 colours. The most widely imported colour was Seal Point. Most imported individuals weighed in the range of 1,400-1,500 g. The weight of the does was on average higher, ranging from 1,300 to 1,900 g. Bucks usually weighed between 1,200-1,600 g. Additional data were found from a total of 65 litters of 268 kittens on March 1, 2022. The average number of kittens in the litter was 4.12. The average proportion of peanuts in the litter was 10.07 %. Of the total number of kittens, including peanuts, 63.80 % survived to weaning. The deaths of kittens during birth to weaning occurred in 26.11 %. Almost a quarter of all kittens were used by other breeders of the Czech Republic. A total of 2.23% of kittens were exported to foreign breeders. A breed standard was designed and individual breeding methods were described.
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Apple Trees as Representatives the Utility Plants of the Tribe Rosaceae
Šnorová, Markéta ; Skýbová, Jana (advisor) ; Odcházelová, Tereza (referee)
TITLE Apple trees as representatives of utility plants in the menials Rosaceae AUTHOR Markéta Šnorová DEPARTMENT Department of biology and environmental education SUPERVISOR RNDr. Jana Skýbová ABSTRACT Submitted bachelor thesis is devoted to apple trees, as represantatives of menials Rosaceae. At first I introduced some other plants of family Rosaceae. My object was process theme apple tree from wider angle of view. From pollination until salvage and use their fetuses - apples. I have dealt also ecological requirements of appletree, their cultivation, varieties and history of their cultivation. Further I have highlighted importance of apples for humans in terms of nutrition. For the purpose of teaching i have compiled practical works useful in the lessons of botany at elementary school. And grammar school I suggested and laboratories tasks of chemistry and biology. KEY WORDS Apple tree, apple, cultivation, variety, nutrition.
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Chov a šlechtění lipických koní v České republice a Evropě
Mlčochová, Věra
This bachelor thesis focuses on the history and breeding of Lipizzaner horse. The first part of the thesis focuses on the origin of the breed and the development of breeding Lipizzaner horses in Europe, the Czech Republic and the Slovakia. The following part of the thesis describes the standard of breed, breeding goals, stud books, naming of horses and breed characteristics of Lipizzaner horse. This chapter also shows the most important lines and families of Lipizzaner horses. The third part focuses on the major European centers of breeding Lipizzaner horse, with six specifically selected studs from different countries. The final part of the thesis is dedicated to the current situation of breeding Lipizzaner horse and current counts of Lipizzaner horses in the Czech Republic, the Slovakia and in Europe and assumed development of breeding this breed. Further of this part is devoted to uses of Lipizzaner horse at sport and in the Spanish riding school in Vienna.
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Zásady chovu plemene masný simentál
Chytka, Vladimír
This bachelor thesis focuses on breeding of beef simental in the Czech Republic, but also in countries where this breed is very numerous. It describes the individual breeding countries on the question of the type of animal, polled, color and another specifications. In czech population is analyzed evolution from the beginning of the breeding beef simmental to the present. Properties and specifics of AI bulls which were crucial for the development of breeding in Czech republick are described in detail. Here are described technology of breeding in the summer on pasture and also technology of breeding in winter. The growth of beef simmental is compared within breeds in the Czech Republic and also the growth is compared with animals in Germany and Denmark. Inalienable part in this thesis is the issue of polled that nowadays is very discussed.
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Rezistence jabloní vůči Venturia inaequalis, původci strupovitosti jabloně
Strouhal, Petr
Apples belong to the most important fruit species grown in a temperate zone. Like most cultivated botanical species, the domestic apple (Malus dometica Borkh.) is attacked by a number of pathogens. Apple scab caused by fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis (Cooce) G. Winter belongs to the world's most important diseases of the apples. Chemical protection, which is based on the application of up to 20 treatments per vegetation in intensive orchards, represents a costly entry into the production of apples. Growing of apple scab resistant varieties is part of integrated plant protection and it is one of the ways to eliminate the negative effects of fungicides use on apple quality and on the environment and simultaneously produce quality and well-sold fruit. Therefore, the aim of the bachelor thesis is to elaborate a study focused on the issue of genetic mechanisms of resistance of apples to scab. The breeding of resistant apple varieties is based on two different genetic principles. The first principle is polygen-determined resistance, which is usually racially unspecific and persistent. However, donors of this resistance are difficult to define and the breeding process is significantly slower. Another option is racially-specific resistance controlled by some of the Rvi majorogens. Up to now, 18 different Rvi genes and their donors have been described. However, in apple resistant breeding, genes Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi5, Rvi6 and Rvi10 are mainly used. But most of resistant varieties carry only gene Rvi6. The first varieties with resistance based on gene A were bred in the 1970s in the USA. In the Czech Republic, several dozen resistant varieties have been produced since 1980, mainly due to breeding programs in Station of apple breeding for disease resistence Institute of Experimenta Botany AS CR in Strizovice and in Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology. Holovousy Ltd. Most Moravian and Silesian farmers indicate the cultivation of at least one resistant variety. Nevertheless, it is clear from the data of the Czech Statistical Office that between 2012 and 2016 there was a significant decrease in the area of the two most common resistant varieties Topaz and Rubinola. The cause of this fact may be the breakdown of Rvi6 gene controlled resistance, the planting of other resistant varieties on significantly smaller areas, or lower fruit quality of resistant varieties. The occurrence of new V. inaequalis races has influenced the breeding strategies so that the breeding targets are resistant varieties with pyramidation of several majorgenes and polygenic resistance mechanism to scab.
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