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Vliv technologie pěstování cukrové řepy na množství a kvalitu půdní organické hmoty
NOVÁKOVÁ, Aneta
The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the content of soil organic matter and its quality in two variants of samples. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze and compare the values of soil samples taken in the sugar beet using two different variants of agrotechnical interventions - mechanical weed control with loosening and a variant using pesticides without loosening. Sampling took place near the village of Úhřetická Lhota in the Pardubice Region. The samples were processed in the laboratory and after their analysis the monitored parameters of quantity and quality of soil organic matter were determined: CPPOH - carbon of primary soil organic matter, CSOF - carbon of stable organic fractions, Corg - total organic carbon, constant k - quality indicator of primary soil organic matter
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Analýza aktuálního zaplevelení vybraných širokořádkových plodin
Pfefr, Ladislav
The aim of this thesis was to assess the weed infestation and the effect of crop density on the occurrence of weeds in selected wide-row crops on the land of the agricultural holding Agrospol a. d. Knínice. The weed infestation was assessed in the crops of maize, common sunflower and sugar beet. The weed infestation rate was determined in field conditions using the calculation method. The results were further processed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Species such as Elytrigia repens, Geranium pusilum and Mercurialis annua were found in fields with sparse maize crop. Fallopia convolvulus and Anagallis arvensis prevailed in fields with sparse common sunflower crop. Species such as Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crusgalli and Veronica persica were most common in fields with sparse sugar beet crop.
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Druhové složení plevelů vybraných polních plodin v provozních podmínkách
Vykydalová, Lucie
The aim of this work is to identifily the current coverage of fields by plants on a specific farm. The chosen farm was Uniagris a.s. Observation took place in growth areas of winter rate, winter wheat and corn wheat. Evalution was carried out counting methods. The results of the weed infestation evaluation were processed with the DCA analysis. The canonical corespondence analysis showed that, in the poppy were found : Cirsium arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Papaver rhoeas, Tripleospermum inodorum, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare, Brassica napus. In the winter rapeseed were: Capsella bursa-pastoris, Descurainia sophia, Euphorbia helioscopia, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum, Myosotis arvensis, Papaver rhoeas, Thlaspi arvense, Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis. In spring barley were: Fallopia convolvulus, Galium aparine, Papaver rhoeas, Thlaspi arvense, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare. In corn wheat were: Echinochloa crus-gali, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Brassica napus, Viola arvensis. In winter wheat were: Agropyron repens, Brassica napus, Cirsium arvense, Echinochloa crus-gali, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Galium aparine, Lamium puprureum, Tripleospermum inodorum,Veronica hederifolia, Viola arvensis. In sugar beet were: Cirsium arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Triticum aestivum, Veronica hederifolia, Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare.
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Nematophagous fungi and their impact against to sugar beet cyst nematod
Střížková, Ivana ; Zouhar, Miloslav (advisor) ; Ondřej, Ondřej (referee)
Plant parasitic nematodes are pests that cause significant economic losses. Due to ineffective chemical protection and its environmental demands, new ways of protection against the aforementioned nematodes are being developed. Nematophagous fungi studied in this thesis seem to be one of the possible ways of biological protection. Their effectiveness, however, is not entirely clear, because the slide culture of the surveyed fungi species (Dactylella oviparasitica, Lecanicillium muscarium Pleurotus ostreatus, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and a mixture of Arthrobotrys oligospora isolates, isolates A. oligospora A5/10 and A10/10, and the Gliorex preparation containing conidia Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma harzianum) proved as effective organisms in regulating the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii), as all species showed a statistically significant difference in mortality of the hatched J2 larvae compared to the control variant. The pot experiment, however, showed no statistically significant difference in reducing the number of cysts, and in the species Dactylellaoviparasitica and a mixture of Arthrobotrysoligospora isolates, the number of cysts increased in comparison with the control variant. In practice, this method of protection is not sufficiently reliable, and it is necessary to continue the research before its possible introduction into practice.
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Influence of soil compaction on production parameters of sugar beet
Balák, František ; Pulkrábek, Josef (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
The methods of autumn tillage in sugar beet are still oriented mainly on classic cultivation, which is based on ploughing. Minimalization methods have recently appeared in sugar beet as well, mainly due to their anti-erosion effect. This thesis deals with question, whether is the minimalization tillage able to match classic cultivation in its positive effect on soil fertility. To compare the effect, penetration resistance has been measured, as it serves as an indicator of field compaction, which should be alleviated by autumn tillage. Aim of this thesis is to measure the effect of soil compaction on soil cultivated by ploughing or deep chiseling in a particular area of sugar beet and to assess the impact of soil compaction on its production.
Research has taken place in semi-practice experiments in fields in the vicinity of Jičín in years from 2012 to 2015. Measured field parameters were soil penetration resistance and soil wetness. Rated parts of vegetation have been manually harvested in technological maturity and from sampled tubers has been determined yield, sugar content and other quality parameters. Tested fields were medium compacted, penetration resistance to 40 cm was in average between 3 to 4 MPa, depending on tillage quality and on sampling date. Ploughing and deep chiseling managed to provably alleviate soil compaction and thus considerably helped to setup sugar beet vegetation well. Yield and qualityparameters were very good, yield of tubers reached in average 95 t.ha-1 and the sugar content 18,7 %. Yield of polarization sugar reached in average 17,8 t.ha-1.
As the research has shown, autumn tillage by deep chiseling is in its soil loosening effect comparable with ploughing and even exceeds it a little in its influence on vegetation quality. Good autumn tillage raises values of all yield factors and quality parameters. Between basic parameters of yields were found no statistically significant differences for the two autumn tillage methods. In the yield of polarization sugar per hectare was found a statistically significant difference of 1,5 % for the benefit of deep chiseling.
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Use of soil conservation technologies in the growing of sugar beet
Hybler, Jakub ; Urban, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
More recently we meet with many extremes of weather. One such are sudden and heavy rainstorms. Now most these rains endanger the agricultural land the emergence of water erosion. Most sensitive to water erosion are wide row crops, including sugar beet also. For these reasons, in recent years we paid great attention to the impact of tillage effects on soil water erosion.
The aim of this thesis was evaluate the influence of autumn tillage on water erosion soil in the stand of sugar beet, but also on the yield and quality parameters of the crop. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of increasing the leafy ground cover beet on water erosion soil.
For this purpose over the years 2012-2015 based on accurate field trials on lands Agro Chomutice Inc. Experiments were set up in three variants namely shallow loosening (10 cm) deep plowing (25 cm) deep loosening (25 cm). In various growth phases proceeds artificial rainfall. In the first growth phase was not sugarbeet involved either in row and not in the between rows. In the second growth phase of the beet involved in the row between rows but not yet. In the third growth phase has been fully involved growth. Itself artificial rainfall was performed field simulator rain and was observed soil loss from individual variants.
At artificial rainfall it was found that sugar beet is the most threatened by water erosion soil in the early growth phase and at this phase the most evident difference autumn tillage to sugar beets. In the first growth phase of sugar beet, which was carried artificial rainfall, the best results both for deep loosening and deep plowing. In 2012 (24. 5. 2012) was measured with a deep loosening of soil loss of 1.30 t ha-1, representing a decrease of 64.76% compared to the shallow loosening and by 40.91% compared to deep plowing. Conversely, in 2014 (2. 6. 2014) was evaluated as the best variant of deep plowing the soil loss of 0.11 t ha-1. Such loss soil is 78.43% less compared to the deep loosening and lower by 91.41% compared to the shallow loosening. Similar results were achieved for both deep loosening and deep plowing in the later phases of growth, which was carried artificial rainfall. From the results it was found that the sugar beet at later growth phases better resists water erosion. This is illustrated in 2012, when the first artificial rainfall (24. 5. 2012) was observed soil loss of 2.20 t ha-1 for deep plowing. In the second artificial rainfall (6. 6. 2012) 0.03 t ha-1, and the third (1. 8. 2012) have been measured zero loss soil. The same results were achieved in the following experimental years.
On deep loosening achieved the largest root yield (99.71 t ha-1), but the difference between deep plowing (99.32 t ha-1) was only 0.39%. The highest sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (18.95%). When the statistical treatment has not been established between the variants statistically significant difference. The greatest yield root recalculated at 16% sugar content reached variant with deep loosening (122.32 t ha-1), but again the difference between deep plowing (119.81 t ha-1) was only 2.10%.
Results from four years has clearly demonstrated beneficial effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on soil water erosion in the sugar beet crop. Furthermore, it was found that with increasing abundances leaf and root growth of sugar beet decreases danger of water erosion. Sugar beet is the most susceptible to water erosion in the early phases of growth, and at this time was applied deep autumn tillage. For a fully wired vegetation were not detected significant loss soil, and at this time ceases to be a dangerous erosion sugar beet crop. For yield and quality parameters of sugar beet was found positive effect of deep loosening and deep tillage on yield and quality of sugar beet. The least favorable results in all experimental years was achieved in a shallow loosening.
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