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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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Human Capital Development in BRICS: education in China, India and South Africa.
Šupolíková, Lenka ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Vlček, Václav (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the development of human capital in China, India, and South Africa. It focuses on the historical development and the main milestones in the development of education systems in individual countries and subsequently their current state. The aim is to compare individual countries in terms of human capital development and to figure out why South Africa is ranked worse than the other two countries in the World Bank's Human Capital Index, even though it is one of the upper middle-income countries along with China and India is a country with a lower middle income and yet it is ranked higher in this ranking. The work examines the history of the development of education systems in individual countries and describes their significant milestones that have influenced education to such an extent that the country is still struggling with the consequences. Firstly, this thesis describes the current state of education systems and gathers important characteristics and major problems. These problems stem mainly from historical developments, which have caused China to reform its education in order to get rid of the consequences of Soviet influence. India has been particularly influenced by British influence, which has changed its traditional education and is currently struggling with...
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Comparison of employment policy in relation to graduate unemployment in the Czech and Slovak Republics
Hankovský, Jakub ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Geissler, Hana (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of graduate unemployment. Europe is suffering from high unemployment among young people and the Czech and Slovak republic are no exceptions. Graduates are among the vulnerable groups in the labor market and their most common deficiency from the perspective of czech employers and experts is the lack of practice. According to Gary Becker, we receive human capital in the process of formal education and then we supplement it with competences gained by training with an employer. Czech and Slovak republic invest in human capital of graduates through active employment policies in two fundamental ways. They attempt to integrate candidates to the labor market and thereby to secure them a work experience or to invest in the human capital of graduates directly through requalification or other educational courses. In the Czech Republic graduates and young people are not defined by law as a risk group in the labor market since 1.1.2012 and the only measure that is explicitly targeted at this group is a program funded by the European Social Fund called "internships in companies - learning experience." Slovakia dedicates a tool called "graduate practice" to graduates, which encourages employers through contributions to creating jobs for graduates at least for the duration of...
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The estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital
Mačorová, Simona ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Průša, Jan (referee)
Our goal is the estimation of country - level production function aimed at understanding the role of human capital. We analyze the effect of education, especially the effect of the share of college graduates in prime-age population (between 25 - 54 years) on the European Union (EU) countries' labor productivity. Here, an important issue is efficiency of tertiary education institutions. We split the ratio of human capital to observe it from different aspects. We compare an effect of lower and upper tertiary educated, by specializations and by gender. The relationship between human capital and labor productivity was found positive though not significant or significant only on 10 % confidence level. The influence of human capital on labor productivity was found very low, in some cases even negative. Assuming that one of the main reasons behind these contra-intuitive results is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity, we also run instrumental variable estimation. We found positive and significant on 5 % confidence level relationship between human capital and labor productivity. The influence of larger share of tertiary educated people on labor productivity is more evident after some period of time, in our example after two years. Keywords: human capital, labor productivity, European Union, production...
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The Role of Mayors in the Development of Selected Peripheral Areas of the Košice Region
Német, Martin ; Chromý, Pavel (advisor) ; Mintálová, Tatiana (referee)
The master thesis focuses on the role of mayors in community development in selected peripheral micro-regions of Košice region. These micro-regions represent two types of peripheral areas which were defined by the differences in quality of social and human capital in the region. These types were identified by analysis of the literature. The main objective of this thesis was to assess whether there is a relationship between these types of peripherals and the quality of human and social capital of citizens, but especially of mayors in the specific peripheral micro-regions. This objective was fulfilled both by the analysis of available secondary sources of information and also by investigation in peripheral municipalities. This investigation was especially concerned on identifying the level of cooperation of mayors with other development actors and also their engagement to solve the main problems of municipalities. Keywords: social capital, human capital, peripheral areas, Košice region, regional development, cooperation, relationships and contacts, actors of regional development
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Evaluating the Determining Factors of Income Inequality across the US States
Petruš, Dávid ; Bartoš, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
What explains the development of inequality in the United States after the World War II? Which factors contribute to the evolution? A growing inequality is a phenomenon caused by rather secular factors, such as growing demand for skills, though short-run, time-specific factors can explain some of the difference too. This thesis summarizes some of the most prominent works in the field of economic inequality and provides additional evidence by analyzing the recent data. Further parts provide a cross-sectional analysis of US counties, congressional districts, and states and seeks to evaluate the key factors related with income inequality measured by Gini coefficient. The distribution of education and human capital are among the most important factors in both time-series and cross-sectional analysis.
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