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Early ontogenesis of time percepction
Dörflová, Kateřina ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Nikolai, Tomáš (referee)
This work focuses on the topic of time perception, particular emphasis is placed on interval timing. Significant part of this work is oriented toward early ontogenesis of time perception, specifically toward human perception of time from the developmental perspective. Fundamental approaches relevant for current research in the field of time perception are represented in this work, especially from the psychological perspective. The work presents comprehensive view on the current state of knowledge concerning mechanisms of time perception and its function. Emphasis is placed on existing research of interval timing and related variables playing essential role in timing. Current knowledge in the field of the development of time perception is compared with the concept of time perception and its development in context of Jean Piaget's popular theory of cognitive development. KEYWORDS Time, time perception, interval timing, human ontogenesis
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Methodological aspects of active place avoidance task
Bahník, Štěpán ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Němec, Pavel (referee)
The active place avoidance task represents one of the methods of the study of animal cognition. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids invisible sector that is stable with respect to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject's avoidance must be active, otherwise the subject would be moved in the punished sector by the rotation of the arena and a slight electric shock would be administered. The experiment described in the present work explored the effect of variable arena rotation speed on the ability to avoid the punished sector. Rats in a group with a variable arena rotation speed learned to avoid the punished sector with the same speed and attained the same ability to avoid the sector as rats in a group with a stable arena rotation speed. The only difference between the two groups was found in a preferred position within the room. No difference was found between the two groups in the dark phase, where the rats could not use orientation cues in the room. Only one rat was able to learn the avoidance of the punished sector in this phase. The results of the experiment suggest that idiothetic orientation and interval timing are not crucial for learning of the avoidance of the punished sector. However, idiothetic orientation is sufficient for the avoidance of the...
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Time and space perception in laboratory rats
Malenínská, Kristýna ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Horáček, Jiří (referee)
Time and spatial information are always two inseparable entities because if anyone moves in space it also moves in time. However, spatial orientation is much more investigated than interval timing. Time perception is for survival of the individual also very important and it probably works together with spatial perception. Despite this, only a few researches have been focused on this topic and therefore we aimed on evolving a new task which would test use of both of these informations and interaction between them. This new version of AAPA task was tested on Carousel Maze where we usually test only spatial orientation and memory. However, we added also a timing part to our version of the task because we assume that in this task when we turn off the light the rats have to use more interval timing than spatial information. Next part of the task included application of drugs which should compromise timing strategies. We have demonstrated use of different strategies when animals are in darkness and light whereby parts in light depend on spatial orientation and parts in darkness depend more on timing strategies. The drugs didn't disrupt rat's abilities which can be caused by very complex design or by inappropriately chosen doses. Key words time perception, spatial navigation, cognitive function
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Methodological aspects of active place avoidance task
Bahník, Štěpán ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Němec, Pavel (referee)
The active place avoidance task represents one of the methods of the study of animal cognition. In this task, a subject is put on a rotating circular arena and avoids invisible sector that is stable with respect to the room. Rotation of the arena means that the subject's avoidance must be active, otherwise the subject would be moved in the punished sector by the rotation of the arena and a slight electric shock would be administered. The experiment described in the present work explored the effect of variable arena rotation speed on the ability to avoid the punished sector. Rats in a group with a variable arena rotation speed learned to avoid the punished sector with the same speed and attained the same ability to avoid the sector as rats in a group with a stable arena rotation speed. The only difference between the two groups was found in a preferred position within the room. No difference was found between the two groups in the dark phase, where the rats could not use orientation cues in the room. Only one rat was able to learn the avoidance of the punished sector in this phase. The results of the experiment suggest that idiothetic orientation and interval timing are not crucial for learning of the avoidance of the punished sector. However, idiothetic orientation is sufficient for the avoidance of the...
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