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Evaluation of energetic byproducts via selected ecotoxicity tests
Král, Petr ; Modlitbová, Pavlína (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The topic of bachelor thesis is the study of ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts generated from the power industry. The theoretical part is focused on current problems concerning waste ecotoxicity testing namely on needs of ecotoxicity testing not only in terrestric but also in aquatic arrangement. In practical part selected energetic byproduct were evaluated via Acute toxicity test and Avoidance test on soil organism earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Plant root growth inhibition test on letuce and onion (Lactuca sativa a Allium cepa). Luminescent bacteria test on Vibrio fischeri was also used. Obtained results served for evaluation of potential ecotoxicity of energetic byproducts discussion. It was found that test in contact arrangement is very important for complex evaluation of negative effects of matrices entering the ecosystem. Also the importance of test on luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri is not negligible, because provides additional information of effects on representatives of destruents as an important ecosystem function part.
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Assessment of the drinking water treatment plant effectiveness via ecotoxicological tests and screening analyses
Nývltová, Barbora ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
The quality of raw water is deteriorating with the continuous increase in environmental pollution. Raw water is being modified to drinking water by technological processes, and it is therefore necessary to put increased demands on the efficiency of these technological processes and their possible innovation. Due to the fact that raw water is contaminated with different types of pollutants, it is necessary to continuously control the drinking water supplied to the public distribution network in order to ensure its quality. Drinking water treatment is still unable to treat the raw water perfectly, its pollution is only reduced to acceptable standards. For this reason, it is indispensable that the quality of drinking water is being checked regularly and at the same time the efficiency of individual technological processes of drinking water treatment is assessed. This includes screening analysis or eventually ecotoxicological tests. The thesis focuses on the efficiency of technological processes of drinking water treatment. Within the experimental part, samples of raw water and samples of water after each separation stage have been collected at the drinking water treatment plant in the Czech Republic. These samples have been subjected to ecotoxicological tests and screening analysis. Based on the ecotoxicological tests carried out on Thamnocephalus platyurus, Lemna minor and Vibrio fischeri, we can assume the emergence of harmful chlorinated by-products, resulting to nearly 100% mortality in T. platyurus. The results of the screening analysis carried out indicate, after the extraction of specimens by the SPE method using HPLC/MS, that the most effective method for the removal of hormonal substances is ozonization.
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Determination of selected drugs (beta-bloskers) in surface water
Kříž, Jiří ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis discusses the issue of pharmaceuticals in the environment. -blockers are one of the most prescribed medications with the most frequent detection in the environment. These compounds are clinically important drugs used to cure cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, arrythmia and angina pectoris. Due to their acute and chronic toxicity towards aquatic organisms it is important to monitor the concentrations levels. This study is focused on optimization of analytical method to determine these compounds. The matrix examined was a waste water from a waste water treatment plant (WWTP) Brno Modřice. A solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used for the isolation of analytes in a waste water samples. A method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the UV-VIS detection using a diode array detector (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used. Target analytes were atenolol, metoprolol and bisoprolol.
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Kinetics of hydrophobic organic compounds uptake in the earthworm Eisenia andrei in soils with different content of organic carbon
Šmídová, Klára ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
This thesis is concerned with the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants (HOCs) in soil. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge about bioavailability, factors influencing the bioavailability and methods for its measurement. Attention is paid to the organic carbon content, which is considered to be one of the key factors and to the influence of microorganisms that can degrade or interact with the substances, thus changing their bioavailable ratio. The practical part of the thesis uses bioaccumulation test with earthworm Eisenia andrei for evaluating the uptake kinetics HOCs in three soils with different organic carbon content. Soils were laboratory contaminated with mixtures of selected HOCs (phenanthrene, pyrene, lindane, p,p'-DDT and PCB 153) and the concentrations of substances in these soils were followed for 217 days. Subsequently, bioaccumulation test was conducted; earthworms were exposed from one to twenty-one days. The collected data were used to model uptake kinetics curves for individual substances. Peak-shaped bioaccumulation were found for pyrene, for lindane a steady-state concentration during exposure was observed, whereas for p,p'-DDT and PCB 153 growing concentrations after twenty days of exposure were detected. The reason for the different behavior of the substances was probably their diverse sorption on the organic material, which together with the different speed of elimination influenced final concentration in earthworms. Phenanthrene was not detected in some samples and therefore the modeling of uptake kinetics was not possible.
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Determination of surfactants in soil taken from fireplaces
Svobodová, Barbora ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on surfactants as compounds of fire fighting foams. Fire fighting foams have several characteristics including foaming, aquatic toxicity and biodegradability, which cause the environmental impact. This diploma thesis deals with the contamination of the soil by the large amount of the extinguishing water. The experimental part of the diploma thesis describes the determination of surfactants by the mobile analysis and the measurement of the methylene blue index.
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Ecotoxicity of selected pesticides
Konečná, Veronika ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Presented diploma thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of insecticide mixtures Perfekthion and Bulldock 25 EC and their effective substances, dimethoate and beta-cyfluthrin, respectively. Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide while beta-cyfluthrin belongs to pyrethroids. Both mixtures’ target organisms are sucking and biting pests on grain crops, potatoes, vegetables, oilseed rape and ornamental flowers. Their application over large areas and transport in large volumes generates a significant risk of entering the environment. Mixtures and substances were tested on water plant Lemna minor, algae Desmodesmus quadricauda and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus. The LC50, EC50, and IC50 values were determined and ecotoxicity of substances and mixtures was evaluated and compared.
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The usage of OECD tests for determination of waste ecotoxicity
Zálešáková, Ludmila ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (referee) ; Bednařík, Karel (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I consern myself with tests of waste ecotoxicity that are recommended by OECD. The main purpose of the thesis is to characterize these tests and compare them from the application aspect. The thesis presents OECD, its establishment and relation to the Czech Republic. Waste problems are discussed here too. Fundamental terms in this field, sorts of waste and its origin are defined here. The main attention is focused on ecotoxicological tests that are characterized according to their application, implementation and testing organism.
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Evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants via ecotoxicity tests
Konečná, Kateřina ; Procházková, Petra (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of root treatment plants using appropriately selected ecotoxicity tests. For these purposes, ecotoxicological tests in an aquatic arrangement were used, specifically with the planktonic organism Thamnocephalus platyurus and the plant Lemna minor. The evaluation was performed at a municipal root treatment plant, which treats water for 955 equivalent inhabitants. The results of tests with T. platyurus confirmed that the root treatment plant sufficiently relieves acute toxicity of water. LC50 values were determined for two samples, 213.71 ml / l for the inflow and 388.20 ml / l for the settling tank. At the outflow, these values could no longer be determined due to the low ecotoxicological effect of the water thus treated. For tests with L. minor, IC50 values were also calculated for the first two samples. For Sample No. 1, the IC50 value was calculated to be 311.25 ml / l, for Sample No. 2 to 963.35 ml / l. However, on the basis of tests of direct toxicity of waters with L. minor, it is possible to confirm even in the case of this organism, a good cleansing effect of this root treatment plant.
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Ecotoxicity of selected platinum metals.
Kořínková, Klára ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
Over the last 20 years increasing concentration of platinum metals in the environment was recorded. These hazardous metals come through anthropogenic activities in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. It is therefore necessary to deal with their possible negative impact on organisms. This thesis is focused on the ecotoxicological evaluation of selected complex compounds of platinum metals, namely platinum and palladium. For ecotoxicity evaluation tests on following aquatic organisms were used: Daphnia manga, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Lemna minor. On the base of obtained results ecotoxicological values of LC50 and EC50 were calculated.
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Artificial sweeteners and their potential impact on the ecosystem
Vavrčíková, Veronika ; Mravcová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlámalová Gargošová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination and ecotoxicological assessment of artificial sweeteners. The diploma was focused on monitoring the most commonly used sweeteners, which includes acesulfam-K, cyclamate, saccharin and sucralose. These sweeteners were analyzed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, using solid phase extraction for their concentration. The samples for their determination were taken from wastewater treatment plant in Modrice. Artificial sweeteners are synthetically produced substances, which is the main reason for their occurrence in waste water. Some of them are not efficiently removed from the wastewater treatment plant and penetrate into the environment. Analysis of the samples was found, that sucralose penetrates into the environment. The ecotoxicological effect of the sweeteners was evaluated via aquatic organisms, namely on the freshwater crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, on the water plant Lemna minor, and the battery of tests was supplemented by a representative of the destructors Vibrio fischeri. For all sweeteners, LC20, EC20 and IC20 values were determined. For some sweeteners, LC50, EC50 and IC50 values were also determined. During testing, saccharin represented the highest toxicity.
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