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Clitic reduplication of object in contemporary Spanish
Ziková, Kateřina ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
In this work, the pronominal reduplication is interpreted as an agreement of the verb with the object by means of a clitic. In this way, the object resembles the subject, which agrees with the verb by means of an affix. However, while the subject agreement is absolutely regular, the agreement of the object, or reduplication, is conditioned by diverse factors. These factors are the main object of investigation in this work. The reinterpretation of the object clitics as agreement markers is the consequence of their grammaticalization from the original character of unstressed personal pronouns towards the character of verbal affixes. The dative clitics are rather further in this process than the accusative clitics - they conserve less pronominal features, and also the reduplication of the indirect object is much more frequent than the reduplication of direct object. This is related to the fact that the indirect object is by its nature closer to the subject, therefore it favours more the regular agreement with the predicate. Key words: pronominal reduplication, clitic doubling, object pronouns, clitics, direct object, indirect object, spanish syntax
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Realization of the Spanish vocal i by Czech learners
Čechová, Štěpánka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
This thesis focuses on the realization of high front vowel in Czech and Spanish, with respect to second language acquisition. In the first part, general theoretical concepts are explained, such as fossilization, SLA, critical period, and SLA model designed by Flege (1995) and also a comparison of the Spanish and Czech vowel is given. As Czech and Spanish vocalic systems are very similar, the subtile phonetic differences are to be detected in the second part where realizations of these two vowels in selected consonantal contexts are analysed. Key words: Second Language Acquisition, Phonetics, Interlanguage, Spanish, high front vowel.
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Linguistic variation in the Spanish of Cuba
Laurencio Tacoronte, Ariel ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
Variation in Cuban Spanish Abstract The aim of this thesis is to deal with the topic of variation in Cuban Spanish, with a special emphasis on the Havana variety, one of the most innovative and recognizable within the island's linguistic landscape. The work is divided into three sections: phonetics and phonology, lexis and semantics, morphology and syntax. The cases described are illustrated with entries taken from a lexico- graphical work of personal authorship, or likewise with usage examples mainly taken from the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Spanish (CREA). On the basis of the analysis of the collected data, this paper examines the state of variability and balance inherent to the system, in order to deepen in the understanding of the mechanisms that shape this language variety. Keywords: Spanish language, Cuban Spanish, variation, dictionary of Cuban Spanish Variación lingüística en el español de Cuba Resumen El objetivo de la presente tesis es abordar el tema de la variación en el español hablado en Cuba, con especial énfasis en la modalidad de La Habana, una de las más innovadoras y representa- tivas del panorama lingüístico insular. El trabajo se halla dividido en tres grandes bloques: fonética y fonología, léxico y semántica, morfología y sintaxis. Los casos descritos se hallan ilustrados con...
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Romanian Subjunctive Compared with the Other Romance Languages
Frías Valtrová, Nataša ; Zavadil, Bohumil (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
Subjunctive is the most complex mood in the Romance languages from a structural point of view. It shows a large diversity of uses. In the present study we have compared the use and values of this verbal mood among the major Romance languages, though sometimes some others have also been included (Galician, Catalan and Sardinian). It is interesting to notice that not all the languages show the same number of tenses and even that the origin of some of the tenses have different sources in Latin. Romanian is the main study target, and it is the starting point for the whole study. It will be seen that, despite all the differences, Romanian follows similar patterns to the rest of the Romance family. Even so, a specific peculiarity of Romanian syntax, the lack of infinitive in completive constructions, contrasts with the overdeveloped Portuguese conjugated infinitive. Apart from the analysis of the values and the uses, the study closes with a selection of chosen sentences in these six major languages allowing us to make conclusions as for the nature and behaviour of current subjunctive mood.
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Absolute constructions with infinitive In Spanish and their Czech equivalents
Hrobská, Eva ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The topic of the thesis is absolute constructions with the infinitive in Spanish and their Czech equivalents. The work is divided in two parts: theoretical and practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to define general characteristics of absolute constructions with the infinitive, their formal classification in the system of non-finite clauses and theoretical analysis of selected prepositional phrases with infinitive: a (al), de, con, por, sin, tras, antés de and después de. The practical part is focused on the confrontation of theoretical assumptions with the real texts: whether written works or the oral records. For the statistic data there were used the online resourcese - parallel Czech-Spanish corpus InterCorp and Spanish monolingual corpus CREA.
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Spanish terminative verbal periphrasis and its equivalents in Czech
Šilhavá, Terezie ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
I dedicated in my thesis on the system of Spanish terminative verbal periphrases and at the same time to explore its potential equivalents in Czech. Because of the fact, that we move on the field of the caracter of verbal action, I found it necessary to make clear that we know, what does the term caracter of verbal action and terminativity mean. In the theoretical part of my work I deal with each terminative periphrase, the division of them according to several types of terminativity, and I describe its characteristics. I also deal with the situation in Czech, I try to match possibilities of creating equivalents to these spanish periphrases. In the practical part, I tried to analyse chosen periphrases in monolingual corpus CREA, I also used another corpus programme AntConc to the analysis. Then I analysed the Czech equivalents of these periphrases using the paralel corpus InterCorp. I hope I managed to make a vision of the system of Spanish terminative verbal periphrases and of the possibilities of their translation to Czech.
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The verbs of movement in Spanish and their equivalents in Czech
Kindermannová, Marie ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
The bachelor thesis is based on assumption that the Spanish verbs of movement differ se-mantically from their Czech equivalents. The paralel corpus proves this statement and works as the basic instrument for the numerical and semantic research of the equivalents. The meanings of the Spanish verbs are described consequently emphasizing the elements which cannot be found in the Czech language or which are different and can cause difficul-ties to a Czech native speaker.
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History of the Spanish language norm and its codification
Rýdlová, Lenka ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
This dessertation shows basic characteristics of Spanish language norm and its development during more than five centuries. Spanish norm is also confronted with the Czech context. In the first chapter we pointed out the polycentric character of Spanish language norm, which is caused by a big amount of native speakers spread in three continets. This type of norm is common for languages that exceed borders of one country. Literary Spanish unites all Spanish native speakers, it is unders-tood by all of them, it is a language of literature, mass media and for-mal locution, and this language is studied in codification manuals. Li-terary Czech is also uniform all over the Czech Republic, but is not used at all in common conversation, in which unambigously dominates popular (vulgar) language. Popular Czech is nowadays spread more or less all over the country, therefore in the Czech kontext there are two national languages: literary Czech and popular Czech. On the contrary, Spanish popular language is very limited, which is also caused by the activity of mass media that spread literary language. We can see that in Spanish context the situation is completely contradictory: literary Spanish influences popular Spanish, not vice versa like in the Czech context. We proceeded with a short summary of Spanish grammatical...
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Issue of infinitive in Spanish
Hálková, Klára ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
Issue of infinitive in the Spanish language As the title itself indicates, the objective of this thesis is non-finite verb forms in the Spanish language. We centered mainly on the issue of infinitive, both its formal and its semantic and syntactically functional aspect. The scope of work is relatively wide, though definitely not exhaustive. We opened the theoretical part with the basic characteristics of non-finite forms and general problems related to terminology. After that, we dealt with syntactical functions of the infinitive in the sentence, which we subsequently compared with the Czech language. In accordance with the thinking of Czech linguistic school, we explained the concept of half- predicative clauses and we focused precisely on infinitive. It is an integral part of verbal periphrases, in which we considered both the syntactical structure and meaning. We regard the part dedicated to the use of infinitives to express temporal and modal meanings through the individual prepositions as the most important part of this work. It also represents the ground for language research in the practical part of the work, where we studied the frequency of the use of condensers in Spanish in combination with the prepositions al, a, de, con, por, para, their equivalents in Czech and the relationship of individual...
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Lexical representation in Spanish language from the semantico-stylistic viewpoint
Petrík, Daniel ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Zavadil, Bohumil (referee)
In the present work we deal with particular problems of the selected semantic-stylistic characteristics of the Spanish vocabulary. In a broader introduction we point out some general and technical problems of human communication, but the next part of this work has been deeply focused on the classic parts of semantics as a theory of sing and meaning, asymmetry between the form and the meaning, but also linguistic relativism and determinism, redundant collocation, the process of desemantization and foreign influences in Spanish with an emphasis on semantic calques. Besides the theoretical explanations we have practically investigated some general patterns of distribution of words in the text of the Spanish novel El Coronel no tiene quien le escriba and make also count the rates for selected desemantizated Spanish verbs on the basis of case studies on the Czech-Spanish parallel corpus InterCorp.
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