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The assesment of soil erosion processes by using WaTEM/ SEDEM and USPED models
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kadlec, Václav (referee)
The water erosion is considered as the most important factor having impact on the agricultural land degradation. In the past, many methodes of soil erosion processes by using mathematical models has been developped. The mostly applicated is the universal soil loss equation USLE. The USLE equation has been used as the basis for new erosion models WaTEM/ SEDEM (Van Rompaey a kol. 2001, Van Oost a kol. 2000, Verstraeten a kol. 2002) and USPED (Mitášová a kol., 1996). The two of them are applicated in the experimental catchement of Černičí. The WaTEM/ SEDEM model is able to count the river sediment export as well. The intensity of erosion processes is increasing during extraordinary rainfall - rainoff events. This diploma thesis is evaluating their causes, frequency and course from two points of view: the course of runoff and the sediment transport. The water quality is also evaluated. KEY WORDS: erosion, extraordinary rainfall - runoff event, USPED, WaTEM/ SEDEM
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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The assessement of soil erosion processes by using WaTEM/SEDEM and USPED models
Vysloužilová, Barbora
The water erosion is considered as the most important factor having impact on the agricultural land degradation. In the past, many methodes of soil erosion processes by using mathematical models has been developped. The mostly applicated is the universal soil loss equation USLE. The USLE equation has been used as the basis for new erosion models WaTEM/ SEDEM (Van Rompaey a kol. 2001, Van Oost a kol. 2000, Verstraeten a kol. 2002) and USPED (Mitášová a kol., 1996). The two of them are applicated in the experimental catchement of Černičí. The WaTEM/ SEDEM model is able to count the river sediment export as well. The intensity of erosion processes is increasing during extraordinary rainfall - rainoff events. This thesis is evaluating their causes, frequency and course from two points of view: the course of runoff and the sediment transport. The water quality is also evaluated.
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Steppe or woodland? Ecological Conditions of Formation and Evolution of Chernozems in Central Europe
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Kalvoda, Jan (referee) ; Havlicek, Elena (referee)
Chernozem became the crucial soil for the beginnings of soil science through the work of Dokuchaev from 1883. Since then the genesis of chernozems in Central Europe has raised many questions among soil scientists, botanists and paleo-environmentalists. While in Eastern Europe chernozems have been described as zonal soils, that are typical for continental steppe and forest-steppe areas, there are areas in Central Europe which are predisposed by their climatic characteristics to the presence of woodlands. The goal of this dissertation is to enrich the discussion about the genesis of chernozems by restoring the environmental conditions that were prevalent during the formation of chernozem soils in Central Europe. Chernozems are usually developed on loess with a very thick and dark organic surface which passes directly to a calcareous horizon. The organic matter underwent a polymerization in dependence on climate contrasts. However, in Central Europe, the climatic characteristics of the areas of chernozems are a bit different. These chernozems are supposed to have been formed under the climatic conditions that dominated Central Europe during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene. The climatic nuances may contribute to the explanation of the differences in distribution of chernozems ("drier") and...
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The assessement of soil erosion processes by using WaTEM/SEDEM and USPED models
Vysloužilová, Barbora
The water erosion is considered as the most important factor having impact on the agricultural land degradation. In the past, many methodes of soil erosion processes by using mathematical models has been developped. The mostly applicated is the universal soil loss equation USLE. The USLE equation has been used as the basis for new erosion models WaTEM/ SEDEM (Van Rompaey a kol. 2001, Van Oost a kol. 2000, Verstraeten a kol. 2002) and USPED (Mitášová a kol., 1996). The two of them are applicated in the experimental catchement of Černičí. The WaTEM/ SEDEM model is able to count the river sediment export as well. The intensity of erosion processes is increasing during extraordinary rainfall - rainoff events. This thesis is evaluating their causes, frequency and course from two points of view: the course of runoff and the sediment transport. The water quality is also evaluated.
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The assesment of soil erosion processes by using WaTEM/ SEDEM and USPED models
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kadlec, Václav (referee)
The water erosion is considered as the most important factor having impact on the agricultural land degradation. In the past, many methodes of soil erosion processes by using mathematical models has been developped. The mostly applicated is the universal soil loss equation USLE. The USLE equation has been used as the basis for new erosion models WaTEM/ SEDEM (Van Rompaey a kol. 2001, Van Oost a kol. 2000, Verstraeten a kol. 2002) and USPED (Mitášová a kol., 1996). The two of them are applicated in the experimental catchement of Černičí. The WaTEM/ SEDEM model is able to count the river sediment export as well. The intensity of erosion processes is increasing during extraordinary rainfall - rainoff events. This diploma thesis is evaluating their causes, frequency and course from two points of view: the course of runoff and the sediment transport. The water quality is also evaluated. KEY WORDS: erosion, extraordinary rainfall - runoff event, USPED, WaTEM/ SEDEM
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Ecological forestry – principles, experiences and possible applications in Czech rep.
Vysloužilová, Barbora ; Čada, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Bílek, Lukáš (referee)
Current methods of forest management are often unsatisfactory in terms of ecology. In the context of biodiversity conservation it is necessary to develop and apply alternative methods of forestry. Ecological forestry has been established as a response to criticism of the logging process, within which there is no emphasis on environmental functions. It is a collective term for methods and practices that replicate the natural ecosystem processes. Three basic principles of ecological forestry has been described and justified - conservation of biological heritage of natural disturbances; diverse interventions that maintain or create heterogeneity; enough time for the regeneration of vegetation. Further models were characterized by specific practical application and their application in the world. Finally, the possibilities of ecological forestry were summarized into a number of possible practical applications. It is rather general recommendations, in which inappropriate methods of practices are replaced with more ekological options, and the impact of these methods on the forest ecosystem has been explained.
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