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Acute intoxication in urgent medicine
Průšová, Kristýna ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Kristýna Průšová Consultant: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Acute intoxication in urgent medicine This rigorous work is devided on the theoretical and experimental part. The theoretical part describes the effect of toxic substances on health. It also describes and sums up the latest ways of diagnostics and treatment of intoxication. At the end it concerned with the description of the individual types of intoxication covered in the experimental part. The aim of this work is to statistically evaluate data about intoxicated patients accepted by College Hospital Pilsen from January 2010 to April 2013. It is connected with the aim of finding link among the term of intoxication, the age and sex of intoxicated patients, the way of exposition, the type of intoxication, the reason of intoxication and the prognosis. Among aims there is also to find dependence between consumed medicaments and above stated factors. The data were firstly described by basic descriptive characteristics, then the differences among them were tested. Relations among dependent and independent factors were tested using multidimensional analyses. Results of analyses were presented in unimodal...
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Cytotoxicita beauvericinu, citrininu, deoxynivalenolu a T-2 toxinu stanovena metodou in vitro v buňkách Vero
Macáková, Petra ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of moulds. Contamination of food and feed by mycotoxins is a major problem for human and animal health. Ingestion of mycotoxins may cause a range of toxic responses, from acute toxicity to long term or chronic health disorders. Several mycotoxins, either from the same or from different fungal species, occur simultaneously in plant products. However, its implication for food safety assessment is generally not known, as there is relatively little information on the interaction between concomitantly occurring mycotoxins and the consequence for the toxicity. Mycotoxins with similar mode of action would be expected to have at least additive effects. Conversely, some interactions could have subtractive effects. An understanding mode of action in simple in vitro systems can provide a rational basses for predicting interactions between mycotoxins. The aim of this study was to obtain cytotoxicity data (EC50 values) of Penicillium and Fusarium mycotoxins, nominally BEA, CIT, DON and T-2 toxin. For this purpose, Vero cells viability was evaluated in the presence of these four mycotoxins using the NR assay. All mycotoxins tested diminished cell viability in a concentration and incubation time-dependent manner on Vero cells. Individual mycotoxins increase cytotoxicity as...
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Attitude of Smokers and Non-smokers Towards Risks of Passive Smoking
Hniličková, Petra ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Petra Hniličková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, Csc. Title of doctor's thesis: Attitude of smokers and non-smokers towards risks of passive smoking This doctor's thesis deals with problems of passive smoking (second and third hand smoking) and linked knowledges of risks. The tobacco smoke contains large amount of harmful compounds (toxic gases, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and particulate matters). Nicotine is the only addictive compound. It is responsible for formation of dependence. Active and passive smoking (second and third hand smoking) represent risk for health. Passive smoking is equally harmful for health. Smokers and non-smokers are exposed to passive smoking. The most endangered group of population are especially children (of smokers and non-smokers). There is no safe level of tobacco smoke, the only prevention against risks of smoking is not to smoke and avoid places where smoking is permitted (risks of second and third hand smoke). Experimental part of this thesis is based on questionnaire and analysed smokers' habits, attitude and knowledges linked with passive smoking of smokers and non-smokers.
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Effects of New Qinazoline Derivate on the Respiratory System
Štěpánová, Hana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Hana Štěpánová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects of new qinazoline derivate on the respiratory system The diseases of airways are a grave health, social and economic problem. To treatment of asthma is traditionaly used an Asiatic plant Justicia adhatoda, Acathaceae. For therapeutic effects of plant are responsible quinazoline alcaloids vasicine and vasicinone. The aim of this presented work was to determine a bronchodilator potential of derivates of quinazoline alcaloids, VN-027 (4-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propyloxy]pyrimidine) and VN-033 (2-[3-(piperidine- 1-yl)propylsulphanyl]quinoxaline). For evaluation theirs relaxing effect on smooth muscle of airway we used a method of isolated rat trachea. After pre-contraction by carbachol (10-5 M) was every sample of smooth muscle of trachea relaxed by growing concentration (10-7 to 10-2 M) of test substances, for maximal relaxing of trachea we used theophylline (10-2 M) in the end of experiment. From grained values we built the DRC curves in programme GraphPad and calculated the values of EC50 (1,115.10-3 for VN-027 and 6,404.10-6 for VN-033). The results were compared with a standard drug of...
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Comparison of the Effect of Substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the Group of Quinazoline Derivatives on the Model of Isolated Trachea
Pramuková, Zuzana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Žáčková, Pavla (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Zuzana Pramuková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of thesis: Comparison of the effect of substances (VN 008 a VN 014) from the group of quinazoline derivatives on the model of isolated trachea. The aim of this study was to determine the structural relaxation activity of quinazoline variations on the isolated rat's tracheal smooth muscle (in vitro). Synthetic substances VN 008 (N-(2-morfolinoetyl) quinazolin-4-amin) and VN 014 (4 - [3 - (piperidin- 1-yl) propyloxy] quinazoline) are derived from alkaloids obtained from the Justicia Adhatoda shrub (vasicine and vasicinone). The isolated trachea, after a previous contraction of carbachol in a concentration of 10-5M, we studied the cumulative relaxation of single doses of the test compounds VN 008 and VN 014. The results obtained (ED50 values ± SEM [mmol / l]) shows that both the test substances induced relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle. Substance VN 008 is comparable with standard active substance theophylline. Greater effects shows derivative with propyloxy fragment VN 014. Keywords: asthma, Justicia Adhatoda, vasicine, vasicinone, theophylline.
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A Comparison of the Reactivating Efficacy of Newly Developed Oximes (K250, K251) with Commonly used Oximes Against Tabun in Rats
Krpelíková, Irena ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University of Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of pharmacology and toxicology Performed at: University of defence in Brno, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, Department of Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Irena Krpelíková Supervisors: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. PharmDr. Jana Žďárová Karasová, Ph.D. Title of the thesis: A comparison of the reactivating efficacy of newly developed oximes (K250, K251) with commonly used oximes against tabun in rats The main aim of this experiment was to compare the reactivating efficacy of newly developed bispyridinium oximes (K250, K251) with commonly used oximes against tabun in rats. The reactivating activity was determinated by the standard spectrophotometric Ellman's method using male Wistar laboratory rats. Our results were assessed percentage of reactivating of tabun-inhibited AChE or BuChE in blood, plasma, brain and diaphragm. As expected HI-6 was innefective in tabun poisoning. Both of new oximes K250 and K251 are less efficient than the currently available (obidoxime, trimedoxime) and so they cannot be recommended for the treatment.
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In vitro Mechanism of Action of Quinoxaline Derivate VN-034 on the Respiratory System
Machová, Iva ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Iva Machová Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: In vitro mechanism of action of quinoxaline derivate VN-034 on the respiratory system Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to investigate the mechanism of relaxation effect of quinoxaline derivative VN-034 in vitro, and to evaluate the potential of the substance to act as a β-agonist or M-antagonist. The classical in vitro method of isolated trachea was applied. In our experimental work VN-034 did not behave as a competitive β-agonist, however propranolol had an influence on its effect. On β-receptors, detailed mechanism of action could not be determined. On M-receptors, the substance behaved as a competitive antagonist.
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A comparison of side effects of some antiepileptic drugs
Kačenková, Olga ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and medical sciencies Candidate Mgr. Olga Kačenková Consultant Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink DrSc. Title of Thesis A comparison of side effects of some antiepileptic drugs The aim of the thesis was to evaluate and compare adverse reactions of antiepileptic drugs used in routine clinical practice. The sources of the data were several retrospective non-interventional studies using questionnaire with a total of 80 probands. In used therapy was more frequent using two AE (37.5 %) than using monotherapy (35 %), the most commonly used AE was lamotrigine (54 %) followed by carbamazepine and levetiracetam (both 34 %). The most commonly reported adverse reactions were sedation and somnolence (66 %), nausea and abdominal pain (65 %) and disruption of daily activity in terms of feelings of tension and stress, fear of further attacks and trouble while driving a car (almost 64%). In agreement with the working hypothesis was demonstrated lower incidence of side effects in monotherapy versus combination therapy, however, is more suitable showed using three AE's against therapy with two AE's. The women were then observed a tendency towards a higher incidence of adverse reactions. The assumption of a higher incidence of attention...
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Attitudes of patients toward the antidepressant therapy
Dvořáčková, Vendula ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Vendula Dvořáčková Attitudes of patients toward antidepressant medication Master's thesis Charles University in Prague, the Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Pharmacy Background: The master's thesis deals with evaluation of attitudes of inpatients in the psychiatric clinic of Military University Hospital Prague. The main task was to clarify the relation between therapy attitude and the prescribed medication, diagnosis and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: The data were collected using the Drug Attitude Inventory questionnaire (Czech version by Masopust) where sum of negative and positive answers was used to determine the patient's general attitude. Patients' characteristics were acquired from a data-entry form, specific medication from the medical records. Results: In the observed group women seemed to have a more positive attitude toward the treatment compared to men, similarly to people with a higher level of education and patients between 31 - 40 years of age in comparison with other age groups. The most positive responses were observed in patients who were prescribed agomelatine, trazodone and paroxetine. People diagnosed with personal disorders or affective bipolar disorder inclined to positive answers as well, on the other hand most negative...
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Pain therapy with focus on pacients with oncological disease
Pavlíčková, Stela ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Stela Pavlíčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ludmila Melicharová Title of diploma thesis: Pain therapy with focus on pacients with oncological disease Pain therapy is a part of the oncological illnesses complex treatment. This therapy doesn't solve the cause of cancer, but significantly increase patient's quality of life during oncological treatment, even in the terminal stage. The main target of this work is to give basic information about pain treatment, focusing on the oncological pain, and elaborate a review of pharmacological groups and individual substances most used in oncological pain treatment. Basic pillar of the cancer pain treatment is pharmacotherapy, which goes out of the WHO three-grade analgesic ladder. Basic therapy is made of nonopioid analgesics. In case that they aren't enough, we can add weak opioids, which can be replaced by strong opioids afterwards. Analgesics are usually used repeatedly and often in combinations. Dosage interval depends on pharmacological properties, dosage form and patient condition. Well controlled pain phases are usually interrupted by very strong, cruel pain episodes, which are called break-through pain. Very strong pain, fully or partially...
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