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The Positivism Dispute in German Sociology. The development, main ideas and continuation
Vondráková, Renáta ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Petrusek, Miloslav (referee)
Diplomová práce Spor o pozitivismus v německé sociologii. Renáta Vondráková. 2012. Abstract The main theme of the work is the issue of positivism dispute, which is commonly referred to discussions that occurred in German sociology in the sixties. It was a debate between advocates of critical theory, which were Theodor W. Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, and the concept of critical rationalism of Karl R. Popper and Hans Albert. The discussion initially was confined to issues related to the logic of the social sciences, for many reasons, but rather applied to differences between the concepts and challenges of science from the perspective of both the above approaches. Also the description and discovery purposes and contexts that led to the overturning topic discussion are devoted to this work. The aim is to describe the external influences as widely as possible and how it affected the final understanding of the dispute, but also how well the positivism dispute turned the concepts of science in the following period. The first part is concerned with social and historical situation in which the dispute arose. Followed by an outline of key terms that in connection with a dispute likely occur, in fact it is the analysis of major issues. Emphasis is placed on a thorough description of the first two contributions to the...
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Possibilities of Participative Evaluation.
Vondráková, Renata ; Rynda, Ivan (advisor) ; Bergerová, Marcela (referee)
This work is based on a research thesis that says, in the case of long or mid-term processes that deal with a wide land area or large amount of people, non-participatory evaluations can have even a negative influence on watched process or its impacts, because it doesn't cover them all. The Methodology being used is mainly an exploration of facts in foreign literature, which is being added with the authors own experiences. This work introduces Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E) as an unfamiliar concept in Czech Republic. It aims to describe the evaluation as an integral part of projects or programs. This work details several concerning obstacles while using participatory evaluation while also offering descriptions on how to use this approach in practice, including offering an overview of methods and techniques most currently used. Based on interviews with 16 experts it suggests also a possible way of using this concept in Czech Republic with the example of Local Action Groups in LEADER.
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Fire in Vehlovice village in the year 1696. The manor of Mělník at the end of the seventeenth century
Vondráková, Renáta ; Kopička, Petr (referee) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (advisor)
Jak vyplývá z názvu této práce, jedná se o sondu do života poddaných mělnického panství v 17. století, se zaměřením na vliv neštěstí na život ve vsi Vehlovice. Jednou z nepřízní osudu, které často společnost postihují, jsou požáry. Známe ale i jiná živelná neštěstí. Taková, jejichž příčinou je příroda v podobě ohně, vody nebo větru, případně i země ve formě zemětřesení. Všechny tyto přírodní živly doprovázejí lidstvo odnepaměti, čas od času se obrátí proti člověku a dojde k nečekané katastrofě. Takovéto případy nám zachovávají kroniky a archivy. V současnosti se zdá, že se tak děje čím dál častěji a intenzivněji. Možná i proto jsem si zvolila toto téma, mým cílem je zjistit, jak reagovali na živelnou pohromu lidé v 17. století. V žádném případě se však nejedná o jakoukoliv komparaci se současností. Důležitá otázka je, zda lidé dříve vlivy počasí vnímali méně než je vnímáme v současnosti. V této době se informace a zprávy šíří mnohem rychleji, než tomu bylo v 17. století. Z tohoto pohledu můžeme říci, že lidé tedy vlivy počasí vnímali méně. Na druhou stranu ale žili v mnohem těsnějším sepětí s přírodou. Nevnímali svět a jeho změny globálně, tak jako je tomu dnes, byli si však bezpochyby vědomy změn v nejbližším okolí. Veškeré výkyvy v přírodním cyklu tak vnímali mnohem intenzivněji než my, musely se jich...
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West Nile fever - a global change in epidemiology and surveillance in the Czech Republic
VONDRÁKOVÁ, Renata
The main goal of thesis is to explore the changing global epidemiological situation depending on climate changes and to map trends of changes in epidemiological situation. A sub-objective is to find out if there are differences in the geographical distribution of the incidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in the period 2004-2014 next to map surveillance, to propose options for improving prevention in a changing geographical distribution, to describe cases of the diseases reported in the Czech Republic, to determine whether in the Pilsen and Budweis medical facilities are routinely investigating also on detection of WNV infection and finally to chart the WNV infection rate and its causes in horse breeding. Influence of climate change on distribution of WNV can be very well observed. This change is mainly due to settlement of new countries by the originator and also reservoirs which are moving further to the north or south becouse of climate. Distribution of WNV to the new countries is also supported by the changing of landscape, mainly due to the changing climate. The changes of migration routes of migratory birds which are also affected by climate changes have also the effect on changing geographic distribution. The globalization of the world is also mostly responsible for change of distribution. The change of epidemiological situation is given by that the virus attacks organisms that did not meet with virus until now. Therefore, there is a change in the clinical picture and more serious forms of the disease appear in the greater degree than before. Official statistics numbers of diseases in the EU in 2008-2012 published by the ECDC revealed that number of illnesses depends on the global climate changes and also on the climate in a current year. Data for year 2010 clearly reveal how big influence extreme temperatures have on the number of reported illnesses. With regard to prevention in the Czech Republic, as a main step was to designed the informing of tourists. The substantial part of the repressive measures against WNV disease is to stop transmission of WNV blood transfusions. This deals with in annex 3of Decree no. 143/2008 Coll.. Currently the draft of methodological instruction which sets out the procedure for assessing the risk of WNV infection and the procedure to reduce the risk of transmission of the virus through blood transfusions is in the comment procedure. By the survey of health facilities was found out that it is according the legislation, specifically Decree 233/2011 Coll.. Private microbiology and serology laboratories in Pilsen and Budweis do not test on positivity of WNV. Targeted surveillance of horse WNV in Czech Republic is doing from 2011. In 2011 2013 it was 4 5 WNV positive horses, in 2014 it was already 13 horses from a total of 783 horses tested positive WNV. Various geographic distribution of horses and high specific antibody titers according to veterinarians indicate increasing activity of the virus in the Czech Republic and the possible expansion of WNV into new areas. The thesis also analyzes three cases of WNV disease that have been imported to the Czech Republic from the USA, Tanzania and from Cyprus. In thesis is also described the first autochthonous case of WNV infection in the Czech Republic in 2013 which demonstrates the changing epidemiological situation in the country. Based on the obtained data is appreciable that the virus will be with regard to a changing climate and increased globalization spread to new areas in which will be probably cause diseases with serious clinical course. Whereas the virus has a tends to mutation it is expected also a gradual change of the clinical picture. To stop the spread of the virus should be carried out surveillance at all levels. Insomuch as is not in current time human vaccine available to curb the spread of the The essential elements od prevention includes informing tourists traveling to high-risk countries and countries potentially risky.
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