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Ethical context of sexuality
Koumar, Jan ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (referee)
This thesis deals with moral values of the individuals and their relation to their sexual behaviour. Its aim is not a study of the particular sexual acts, but rather of the moral ideas, which people associate with sexuality and of sources of those ideas. It determines no generally valid ethical principle, which could be followed in sexuality; its aim is to be a probe into the existing ideas of what is good or bad in sex and into the reasons for assessing any given sexual behaviour as good or bad. Furthermore it explores if and how the individuals perceive any change in the attitude of the society to sex and morality, and what is in the centre of their personal ethical concepts. The description of these ideas of good or bad, their sources and a perception of changes in the attitude of society to sexuality are based on the research conducted among citizens of the Czech Republic in 2016 with use of a qualitative strategy. The discovered moral concepts are presented as such they are not compared to any existing ethical system. The first and second chapter of this thesis present a theoretical explanation of morality, sexuality and a their mutual connection, the third chapter summarizes in brief the history of sexual morality explorations and describes the methodology of this above mentioned research,...
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House arrest as an instrument of penal policy
Králová, Lucie ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis, dealing with "House arrest as an instrument of penal policy", reflects problems of ineffective system, increasing the number of prison sentences imposed, exceeding prison capacities and consequential violation of fundamental human rights. In response to improperly configured system of penal policy, in 2010 a new Act no. 40/2009 Coll., The Penal Code was implemented, introducing new institute of house arrest to the Czech justice system. Philosophy of house arrest is in punishing the perpetrator, while maintaining positive relationships that would be otherwise disrupted by his imprisonment. Presented thesis evaluates the implementation of the punishment, reflects benefits, disadvantages and actual barriers in its successful implementation, using expert interviews.
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Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region
Kroupová, Michaela ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Gender and manpower in production companies in the Chomutov region" is focused on historically and sociologically oriented research of employment of men and women in production companies in the Chomutov region over last 50 and 70 years respectively. The main aspects which are included in the theoretical part of this work are gender relations in the production companies, that is the history of the employment of women, horizontal and vertical gender segregation including wages and salaries and employee education. The analyzed data are from the period of mid 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century and focus primarily on the production companies of The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill and their current successor Sandvik. By means of data analysis, the methodical part of the thesis describes differences and changes which have ocurred in the horizon of last 50 and 70 years in the manpower employment in production companies with respect to gender. KEYWORDS Gender, Feminism, Manpower, Socialism, The Tube and Iron Rolling Mill, Production, Chomutov
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Openess of the social structure in sociopreferential contacts
Sněhotová, Kateřina ; Šafr, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The subject of this work is preferential contacts, in which social inequalities and social historical contexts are manifested. The aim of the work then is to investigate if and possibly how the homogeneity in friendship ties changed in the Czech society during the second half of the 20th century. On a general level we observe the evolution of reproduction of the social structure of Czech society in conjunction with knowledge about social stratification and preferential homogamy. Specific task that will be observed is the question if and how preferential contacts and their homogeneity changed during the second half of the 20th century. Specification of generations, as the holders of historical experience, will help us to grasp the influence of age in a sense of life cycle and historical time in perspective. Data from Values and Attitudes survey 1993 will be used for this research. Statistical analysis and interpretation of the data considering the theory will be executed. The aim is to observe the transformation of social structure in the flow of time in the mirror of preferential contacts, particularly friendships. Key words Czech republic, friendship, homogamy, history, generation, education, distance, open society, statistical analysis.
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Changes of regional pattern of European Union in maps
Vávra, Martin ; Tomeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Štych, Přemysl (referee)
One of purposes of this bachelor thesis is to create vizualization of statistical data that can be obtained from Eurostat. Author focuses on modern trends in geoinformatics and uploads all the graphs and maps, that were created during the work on this thesis, on the web page "regionalni.evropa.sweb.cz". The web page is accessible for the broad public so that everyone could interactively study the outcomes of this thesis. Second part of the thesis is focused on development of regional disparities within analyzed states. Author analyses economical and demographical data for which is being counted variance and standard deviation. The author thanks to statistical and spatial outcomes explains the biggest changes and points out the trends in regional development. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Development in reading in the Czech society during the last few decades
Trailinová, Kateřina ; Šafr, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with development of reading in the Czech society during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to explore certain factors, that cause probace changes in reading of books and what is the measure of their impact. The teoretici part describes the historical long-term trends. These trends include existence certain historical events in the Czech society, which were defined by technological progress. In the next part explains important words for this study (who is the typical reader and non-reader, reading culture, reading behavior, etc.). The empirical part of study is based on multi-dimensional analysis the certain factors, which impact reading in proportion to time and the generations (created age categories - young generation 20 - 34, middle-aged 35 - 54 and old generation 55+). This part of study uses data from sociological researches, primarily of social and class structure (1984, 1991, 1999 and 2006). This study uses data from the international research of International Adult Literacy Survey (SIALS 98) and data from sociological research ISSP 2007 (Leisure time and sport). In this regard, the research followed in addition to leisure activities, many aspects such as level of educational attainment, size of home library etc. Key words Reading, reader, book, education, age,...
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Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013
Zemanová, Nina ; Šafr, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis "Occupational prestige from 1995 to 2013" analyses changes in evaluation of occupational prestige within the era of post-socialistic transformation (1990s) and period of knowledge economy (after 2000). It focuses on latent structures behind prestige evaluation and if these latent structures are influenced by evaluator's social position. A secondary analysis of data from public opinion surveys (IVVM/CVVM) from 1995 to 2013 was carried out. Structure of occupational prestige scale had consolidated from the late 1990s into these groupings: public servants, manual occupations, professional positions important for the society, other non- manual professions and security forces. Further, the author aims to verify the validity of Like-Me hypothesis (people judge occupations that are, according to their class position, similar, as more prestigious than others) and the shared prestige hypothesis (class position doesn't differentiate the evaluations, the notion is rather widely shared). Other factors that have influence on the occupational prestige are analysed, specifically some sociodemographic factors (gender, education, residence size), subjective living standards of households and primarily the historical period (the socialization cohorts) when the person entered the labour market. It was...
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Zena a moda and ideology: The penetration of communistic power discourse through fashion magizines
Skočíková, Nikol ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Šmídová, Olga (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the penetration of discourse of Communist power into the society through content of (women's) magazine Žena a móda within 50s and 60s. The aim of this thesis is to point out that the elements of communist ideology appeared also in media such as fashion magazine. First chapters of this thesis deal with socialism and its ideological propaganda and represent the importance of ideological symbols, propaganda and manipulation through the media. In connection with this the thesis represents also the political-economic situation in the textile and clothing industry and also uses the facts about the media control by the communist regime. On this basis the thesis presents an analysis of 240 issues of the Žena a móda magazine and focuses on selected ideological symbols such as socialist fashion, working clothes, relationship between the East and the West, ideological leaders and personalities, the Soviet Union as ideal, conceptualization of the "Great History" and the image of socialistic woman. The method of discourse analysis thus allowed to introduce the symbols in different historical and social contexts and also to point to their changes in time, specifically in the context of comparing their likeness in the 50s and 60s of 20th century. The content of Žena a móda magazine...
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Media analysis of Czechoslovakian Desintegration
Vávra, Ladislav ; Štemberk, Jan (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis addresses the topic of the breakup of Czechoslovakia into two independent Czech and Slovak republics at the beginning of the year 1993. With the help of secondary literature, the first section is dedicated to chronologically interpreting the history of the relationship between Czechs and Slovaks. The section also discusses the accounts of leading Czech, Slovak and other international historians relating to the end of Czechoslovakia. In the second section, the author of this thesis firstly focuses on the analysis of selected printed media, including the Czech newspapers 'Rudé právo' and 'Mladá fronta/Mladá fronta DNES', and Slovakian 'Pravda' from the months around the time of the so-called Hyphen War at the beginning of 1990. The final chapters focus on the analysis of the above-mentioned newspapers from the time of the elections to the Federal Assembly in 1992 and examine reference methods relating to the issue of the Czech- Slovak misunderstanding.
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Political discourse of infertility in the years 1989 - 2012 in the Czech Republic
Kostelecká, Hana ; Dudová, Radka (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
This thesis describes and analyses discourses that preceded the legislation changes regarding assisted reproduction in connection with setting an upper age limit for women who are undergoing assisted reproduction treatments in socialist system as well as in democratic system. This work defined discourses of both political systems compares with the accent on governmentality as a tool for population control. This analysis is valuable primarily because of describing principles of working the whole "system of assisted reproduction" and provides insight into the political discourse of infertility, respective on its part concerning the Czech legislation taking into account the phenomenon of reproductive tourism. No one from the topics - both the political discourse of infertility then the reproductive tourism have not had been in the Czech literature written up yet. The work shows the establishment of proper parenting standards in the political discourse through the topic of artificial insemination. Key words Infertility, assisted reproduction, reproductive tourism, discourse, frames, normality of motherhood, prekarization of infertility, governmentality, biopower, Michel Foucault
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