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Voluntary childlessness as a social phenomenon
Vychová, Šárka ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the topic of voluntary childlessness, which, among other things, with regard to the low birth rate, resonates by our society. Its aim is to describe the concept of voluntary childlessness from a sociological point of view, to summarize existing sociological researches on this topic, and primarily to analyze the opinions and motives of women who have opted for voluntary childlessness. For the practical part is used qualitative method of Grounded Theory. The research itself takes the form of in-depth semi-structured interviews, which, thanks to the possibility of responding to specific communication partners, offer the opportunity to look into the lives and values of voluntarily childless women. The conclusion summarizes and interprets knowledge about the opinions and motives of voluntarily childless and offers the professional public a better understanding of this issue.
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The Nazi ideology in relation to persons with mental disabilities
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Marková, Alena (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Diploma thesis "Nazi ideology in relation to mentally ill people" focuses on starting points and ideas of this ideology, which in its consequences led to social exclusion and subsequent systematic extermination of people with a certain handicap. Although the thesis is limited in time from 1933 - 1945, it also follows development line of selected scientific disciplines, which were significantly reflected in the Nazi ideology. Primarily it concerns historical science, medical disciplines, genetics, racial hygiene, eugenic origins and other related disciplines. The thesis also takes into account the economic situation of that time with its many social problems which arose as a result of the new geopolitical arrangement after the World War I and the changes in the social world of that period and it also captures the process of changes in the social status of mentally ill people in the course of history. Last but not least, it describes the practical consequences of these changes, which were "forced sterilization" and "euthanasia" of both children and adults. The Nazi ideology is viewed in this regard from three perspectives: legal, theoretical with a broader historical context and on the practical level in the form of the consequences of the two previous perspectives. Key words: nazi ideology, mental...
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The Media Image of State Security in the Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo dailies (November 1989 - June 1990)
Vávra, Martin ; Železný, Jakub (advisor) ; Růžička, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis titled "The Media Image of State Security in the Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo dailies (November 1989-June 1990)" discusses the media's image of the State Security Organisation (StB) over a period of several months following the events of the 17th of November 1989, when the communist regime in Czechoslovakia fell. The dailies analysed for this study were Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo. The periodicals were selected according to their political orientations. Rudé právo, described as "a paper published by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia", was a daily that officially represented the governing regime. Svobodné slovo, which began publishing the first uncensored information in November 1989 and called the "primary daily" of the Velvet Revolution, was selected as its opposite counterpart. This work has four chapters. The first chapter examines the State Security Organisation and its history, organisational structure, methods and manner of work in 1989. The second chapter presents the selected dailies Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo. The third chapter discusses the methodology of the entire work, and the final chapter contains research on the selected dailies in the form of a quantitative content analysis.
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Regional differentiation in perception of immigrants and immigration by students of secondary schools and its determinants
Divínová, Pavlína ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
Regional differentiation in perception of immigrants and immigration by students of secondary schools and its determinants Abstract This thesis deals with the attitudes of Czech upper-secondary school students to immigrants. The main goal of this thesis is to find out whether there are regional differences in the perception of immigrants by students of the upper-secondary schools in the Czech Republic and to find out which factors can affect the perception of immigrants and their regional differentiation. Considering the actual situation in the world, the topic of this thesis is very up-to-date. It is necessary to be carefully prepared for the increase of the international migration to ensure smoother integration of migrants in the concerned countries. Much research addresses the international comparison of countries in the perspective of immigrants, but monitoring of intra-national differences is really important and can tell us a lot about where the main causes of the problems are. Based on this opinion, I was studying the relationship of the Czech society with immigrants. As a sample, I opted for students of grammar schools and vocational schools. As a main theoretical concept, I choose contact hypothesis of Gordon Allport. It is based on the assumption, that to prevent prejudice and conflicts between...
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Television fanship and the phenomenon of game. History-sociological study of television fanship
Veselský, Matouš ; Šalanda, Bohuslav (advisor) ; Vávra, Martin (referee)
The goal of the diploma thesis is to describe basic characteristics of mediate fanship, which we interprate as a specific form of game. In theoretical part we discuss typologies of fans, concept of flow and antropological and philosophical interpretations of game. We also present some aspects of modernity. Diploma thesis uses qualitative research and it combines three methods: archival research, observation and interviews. The aim of archival research done in the archive of the Czech television si to describe transformation of televison fanship in time. We discuss that this phenomenon is not a matter of the last twenty years and that it has its own history. Observations and interviews brings us to nowadays. We combine perspective of an observer with the data taken from interviews. Ten interviews were made during the research.
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Same-sex registered partnership in the Czech Republic - institutionalization and changing attitudes of the society
Keltošová, Jana ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Dudová, Radka (referee)
5 Abstract This master's thesis analyzes a family as a crucial element of each society. It also depicts its functions and presents possible forms of interpersonal relationships. The Czech Republic is one of the countries in which it is possible to identify existence of several forms of interpersonal relationships - a concubinage of heterosexual and same- sex couples, married couples and people in a registered partnership. Personal attitudes have been evolving over time and the Czech Republic is no exception. The change of attitudes and points of view towards homosexuality and its gradual acceptance have been present within the Czech society for decades. These changes finally led to legalization of the registered partnership in 2006. Even though the Czech modern society is trying to eliminate discriminating attitudes, homoparental families still do not have the same legal certainty and social security as heterosexual families with children do. Inequality as per current Czech laws exists even between a marriage and a registered partnership. The Czech Republic needs to take steps in order to guarantee equality of all family forms. The empirical part of the thesis provides an analysis of the Czech sociological surveys in order to identify to what degree the Czech heterosexual majority tolerates and accepts the...
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Archiving Social Research Data from the Viewpoint of Czech Social Science Data Archive
Vávra, Martin
Czech Social Science Data Archive is now an established research infrastructure within the Czech Republic and also it is a part of the European research infrastructure through CESSDA organization. The presentation will address the opportunities and constraints associated with data archiving and sharing in the social sciences. Emphasis will be placed on used standards (for metadata, keywords) and tools (on-line database solution) and on how these standards and tools help to develop a pan-European system of data services in the social sciences.
Fulltext: Fulltext_Vavra_EN -  PDF
Slides: prezentace_Vavra_CZ - PDF; prezentace_Vavra_EN - PDF
Video: NUSL2018-Vavra -  MP4
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Exchange of views presented on Facebook - discussions and its actors
Pešek, Pavel ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Karel (referee)
The thesis "Exchange of views presented on Facebook - discussions and its actors" deals with discussion threads on Facebook. In theoretical part the author aims to look at Facebook as a separate internet medium that requires an active interaction from its users. He deals with Marshall McLuhan's and Erving Goffman's theory and aims to work with the evolution of the social network. In practical part the author focuses on the Facebook discussion threads itself and on its actors. To cope with his research problem, he uses two qualitative methods, discourse analysis of Facebook's discussion threads and semi- structured interviews. He tries to distinguish whether there are any interaction patterns, discourse terminology used by debaters within the discussion threads and he also aims to describe Facebook discussion threads from overall perspective. In semi-structured interviews the main goal is to reveal a motivation to present an opinion online.
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Employment and leisure time in socialism and today
Zahrádková, Eva ; Vávra, Martin (advisor) ; Havlík, Radomír (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the state of present society and society before 1989 in terms of leisure time society and society of work from the point of view of shop assistants. I would like to approach and understand the phenomenon of work and the very connected phenomenon of free time. We hear this statement very often - "I do not have time for it." However this phenomenon is not new, this phenomenon has already appeared in czech research in 1960s. Based on automation and shortening working hours, since the second half of the 20th century, the amount of leisure time should increase. In 1960s, some theoreticians began to claim that society of work is at the end and moving to leisure time society. But is that really fact? Do we live in a society of work or in a leisure time society? Or none of these options are true? And what about society before 1989? And do work and leisure time differ in different social settings - I mean state socialism and parliamentary democracy? I would like to answer these questions through semi-structured interviews with shop assistants.
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