|
|
The legal regulation on the carriage of goods
Slušný, Vladimír ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
The present thesis deals with the legal regulation on the carriage of goods. This issue occupies an important role in everyday economic reality. Legal regulation in this field is highly stratified among legal regulations concerning private law, international agreements and partly among legal regulations concerning public law. This thesis mainly covers the regulation contained in the Czech Civil Code and in international conventions. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into five chapters, which are further divided, with the exception of the first chapter, into subchapters. The first chapter, which focuses on historical development and mainly on Roman law, is followed by chapters dealing with particular types of contracts which can be the legal cause for the carriage of goods. These include the following: contract for the carriage of goods, forwarding contract and contract for the operation of a means of transport. Firstly, these contracts are characterized and then the elements of such contracts are described, as well as the duties and rights of the contracting parties and questions regarding compensation for damage. The thesis also points out the interpretative problems that occur in the regulation of these contracts. The differences between these types of...
|
|
|
"Svěřenský fond" - institute of intergenerational wealth preservation and succession
Skuhrovec, Michal ; Frinta, Ondřej (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
"Svěřenský fond" - institute of intergenerational wealth preservation and succession Abstract Thesis named "Svěřenský fond - institute of intergenerational wealth preservation and succession" is dedicated to describe institution of "svěřenský fond" from the perspective of a potential alternative or addition to a more traditional institutions of inheritance law. The aim of the thesis is to describe primarily its use to a purpose of family wealth preservation and succession. In order to fulfill this goal, the first part of the thesis analyses how fiducie/trust of Quebec made its way into Czech legislation. Main matter being the consequences adoption of a patrimony by appropriation caused. Second part follows historical roots of fiduciary institutes. It finds a persistent need for very similar fiduciary, trust-like institutes throughout history. The goal stays the same, a desire of families to preserve their wealth. Historical analysis, using an evolutionist paradigm, finds similarities between trust, modern fiduciary institutes and "svěřenský fond" which simply cannot be unseen. Based on this findings a hypothesis of a common ancestor is construed. Third part describes a newly acquired construction of trust-like institute, which was unseen in Czech law until 2014. It focuses on a result of transplantation of...
|
|
|
Presumptions for constitution of damage responsibility
Svejkovský, Vít ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
Presumptions for constitution of damage responsibility Abstract The aim of this rigorous thesis is to bring closer the presumptions for the constitution of damage responsibility. In terms of time, the first presumption is the breach of duty. Therefore, the first chapter deals with the breach of duty, focusing more closely on violation of good morals, breach of law and breach of contractual obligations. In conclusion, the first chapter focuses on circumstances excluding unlawfulness, especially necessity and self-defence. The second chapter deals with the second presumption for the constitution of damage responsibility that is damage. This chapter divides the damage to material damage and immaterial damage. The material damage is also mentioned with its individual components, which are the real damage and the lost profit. And for immaterial damage, some of its provisions are specified in special laws. The second chapter also covers the civil legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany, specifically contained in the German Civil Code. The third chapter deals with the third presumption for the constitution of damage responsibility, which is the cause between the breach of duty and the consequent damage. The cause to the difference from the previous two presumptions is almost not described in the Civil Code....
|
|
|
Transfer of inheritance to heirs
Chvalová, Teodora ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
TRANSFER OF INHERITANCE TO HEIRS Abstract The aim of the rigorosum thesis is to clarify the issue of transfer of inheritance to heirs. Particular chapters of the thesis are defined at the beginning. Main attention is given to the current regulation of transfer of inheritance to heirs set in § 1670 - § 1713 of the current Czech Civil Code. First of all, the inheritance and the decendent's estate are characterised for a better understanding of the chosen topic. Particular key terms related to the issue of transfer of inheritance to heirs are explained then. The administration of inheritance, the administrator of inheritance, his rights and duties, subject of administration of inheritance, free disposal of property, differences between simple and full administration of inheritance are mentioned. The inventory of inheritance, its aim, order, reimbursement of expenses, substitution, and incomplete inventory of inheritance and the issue of status of creditors is discussed as well. The closure of inheritance and the way of distribution of inheritance based on last will of decedent, determination of third person, agreement between heirs, decision of court, related settlement of heirs and allocation of claims and debts is analysed later. The issue of debts related to the transfer of inheritance to heirs is solved in...
|
|
|
Law regulating property of spouses
Němečková, Adéla ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is "Law regulating property of spouses". The diploma thesis concerning marital property law is focused mainly on community property. This institute comes into power as a result of entering into a marriage. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe ways how to secure separate property of spouses in a marriage. The thesis consists of seven chapters, the first chapter is an introduction to this topic and the seventh chapter is a conclusion. The second chapter of my thesis is devoted mainly to the historical development of the community property since 1811 to the current legislation often called as the "new" Civil Code (no. 89/2012) and the comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation. The diploma thesis describes in its third chapter which property consists of community property and which property is excluded from community property. The fourth chapter is focused on a division of community property in case of dissolution of a marriage. Community property can be divided equally between spouses (a husband and a wife) or differently. Spouses can agree on the division of property or it could be decided by court ruling. If either of the spouses does not ask for court decision, the division of community property is achieved by legal presumption (the rules set in the Civil...
|
|
|
Residential lease with special regard to its termination
Suchý, Jan ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
This thesis deals with residential lease, with the focus being placed on the issue of termination of the lease. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the current legal regulation, not only the most important and most used methods of termination of the residential lease, but also the ways that are less frequent. Another aim of the thesis is to identify problems arising in connection with the recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. The thesis draws from legislation, jurisprudence, professional literature and other relevant sources. The thesis is divided into an introduction, thirteen chapters and a conclusion. The first part of the thesis focuses on historical development of the legislation regarding residential lease, from the times of Roman Empire until 31.12.2013. Following part of the thesis deals with the current statutory regulation of residential lease, its basic attributes and characteristics, and at the same time the institute of tenant's protection as a weaker contracting party is described. In the following parts of the thesis, the methods of terminating the residential lease are being described. Analysis varies from the less frequent methods, such as the merger of the tenant and the landlord, the end of the subject of the lease, or the payment of severance payments to the most...
|
|
|
Law regulating property of spouses
Němečková, Adéla ; Hendrychová, Michaela (referee) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
The topic of my diploma thesis is "Law regulating property of spouses". The diploma thesis concerning marital property law is focused mainly on community property. This institute comes into power as a result of entering into a marriage. The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe ways how to secure separate property of spouses in a marriage. The thesis consists of seven chapters, the first chapter is an introduction to this topic and the seventh chapter is a conclusion. The second chapter of my thesis is devoted mainly to the historical development of the community property since 1811 to the current legislation often called as the "new" Civil Code (no. 89/2012). The diploma thesis describes in its third chapter which property consists of community property and which property is excluded from community property. The fourth chapter is focused on a division of community property in case of dissolution of a marriage. Community property can be divided equally between spouses (a husband and a wife) or differently. Spouses can agree on the division of property or it could be decided by court ruling. If either of the spouses does not ask for court decision, the division of community property is achieved by legal presumption (the rules set in the Civil Code for the division of property used after certain...
|
|
|
Partnership
Zach, Tomáš ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
Partnership The purpose of this rigorosum thesis is to offer a comprehensive view of partnership as a purely contractual arrangement which allow its members to cooperate in order to advance their mutual interests. Partnership is thus analyzed not only as a concept regulated by positive law but also from the historical and theoretical point of view. The thesis is composed of an introduction, three main chapters and a conclusion. The first chapter outlines the historical foundations of partnership. From the community of brothers running the family estate after the death of their father (consortium) partnership evolved into a consensual contract of the classical Roman law which was used mainly for commercial purposes (societas quaestus). In the middle ages, partnership was further developed into compagnia, which substantially enhanced the maritime business operations in Italian city states. In the 19th century, Roman-law partnership was "re-invented" by large codifications of private law, of which the most important in the Czech lands was the General Civil Code from 1811. Finally, this chapter analyzes in detail the troubled history of partnership under the communist regime and its rise after the socio-economic conditions changed in 1989. The second chapter deals with the theoretical aspects of...
|
|
|
The statutory portion in the Civil Code
Kounovská, Iva ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
THE STATUTORY PORTION IN THE CIVIL CODE ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the Statutory Portion as a legal tenet of inheritance law, which falls within the scope of the Civil Code. The right to a statutory portion of an estate accrues only to a statutory heir; the statutory heir is always a direct descendant of the testator or, if no direct descendant is surviving, his or her descendants. The statutory portion is defined as that part of the inheritance which must be left free of encumbrance to the statutory heir or heirs. As well as the statutory portion, this thesis also deals with the status of the statutory heir, because it is the statutory heir who is primarily affected by the legal rules for the statutory portion. This is a person who may not be overlooked during the inheritance process; the testator is obliged leave him or her at least his legal share, the so-called statutory portion. In my thesis I also deal with the theoretical characteristics and definitions of basic concepts such as inheritance law, estate, inheritance and inheritance titles (hereditary contract, will and the legal sequence of inheritance). Accounting for the statutory portion and accounting for the bequeathed portion are described in the next chapter of this thesis, as two procedures with similar characteristics but with...
|
|
|
Manifestations of Devisor's Will in the Law of Succession - comparative study
Štěpánová, Aneta ; Thöndel, Alexandr (referee)
This thesis deals with changes in the scope of autonomy of the devisor's will in the period from 1 January 1812 until the present days. Using the descriptive and analytical method and comparative method, the aim of this thesis is to explicate development of individual institutes of the law of succession, by means of which the devisor could or in particular can manifest his/her autonomy. This thesis is divided into five main parts, which are further divided into chapters and subchapters. The first part of the thesis represents an introductory excursus to the issue of the law of succession and the stress is put on basic principles of the law of succession and historical development thereof. The second part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of ABGB. Attention is paid to individual institutes of the law of succession and development thereof, special part deals with a testament as the most important manifestation of the freedom of disposition. Interpretation of individual institutes is presented in particular in the light of the comments and judicature of the period of the First Czechoslovak Republic. The third part deals with manifestations of autonomy of the devisor's will under effectiveness of the Civil Code of 1950. The third part endeavors to describe...
|
guest ::
