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Cross-cultural perception of attractiveness and its correlates: the role of visual modalities
Fiala, Vojtěch ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
This work reviews the literature on the topic of intercultural perception of human attractiveness with special focus on recent videostimuli-using research. The first section introduces several basic perspectives on ecological-evolutionary view of attractiveness. The next section deals with intercultural differences in attractiveness perception dicussing possible explanations of these differences. The third chapter focuses on faces of people of cross-culture origin and usage of composite stimuli and artificially manipulated stimuli in inter-cultural research. The fourth chapter examines the usage of videostimuli in attractiveness research. I also add information about intercultural usage of videostimuli as far as these are available. Finally, I discuss a possible source of result ambiguity and highlight the potential use of videostimuli in intercultural research of attractiveness perception. Keywords Attractiveness, intercultural perception, videostimuli, cross-culture origin, composite images, averageness, masculinity, feminity
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The relationship between facial morphology and physical strength: Testing of the Other-Race effect hypothesis
Klusáčková, Tereza ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pokorný, Šimon (referee)
Existing evidence shows people are able to attribute an individual's behavioural characteristics based on their facial features with a certain level of accuracy; one such characteristic is the perception of physical strength in potential opponents within the male intersexual competition. Physical strength seems be assessed upon the level of masculine facial features development. However, attributions may be influenced by other factors - namely personality traits of the evaluator or the so-called Other-race effect. In this study portrait photographs of men from Europe and Africa were rated by a group of European evaluators on a perceived physical strength. The aim of this study was to assess the link between attributed physical strength, actual physical strength (grip strength) and facial morphology described by relative facial width (fWHR) the Index of Masculinity (potential effects of age, body weight and height on said variables were controlled for). The use of stimuli of different ethnic origin enabled us to test the accuracy of physical strength attributions and actual physical strength in context to the Other-race effect hypothesis. According to its wording people tend to attribute characteristics with higher accuracy to individuals, who belong to the same population, or with whom they are...
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The relation between morphological and personality traits in humans
Sýkorová, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
In humans, as in animals, associations or correlations between morphological and personality traits can be observed. Some of the most conspicuous and well describable morphological traits in humans are eye color, hair color, body height and body mass index (BMI). These traits can correlate not only with temperament or character, but also, for example, with intelligence. Relations between morphology and personality can have an origin on a genetic or an environmental level. The human psyche, which can be influenced by social factors, can also have a role in the chain of causes and consequences. In this study, known relations between morphological traits and personality are discussed and mechanisms which could be responsible for these relations are mentioned. This study also focuses on the possible role of the environment which could explain some associations between the traits. Further, there is an attempt to identify environmental factors contributing to the morphological and personality traits which could therefore be a cause of some correlation between these traits.
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Voice and its modulation in human mate choice
Vobecká, Tereza ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Schneiderová, Irena (referee)
1 Abstract Vocal communication is one of the primary means of communication in humans. Information from utterances not providedsolely by speech but also by their acoustic properties (e.g. voice pitch). People tend to associate different acoustic parameters of voice with specific human characteristics, such as physical traits such as body size, sex or personality traits such as dominance or attractiveness. Human voice is dynamic, and it is modulated depending on the inner state of the speaker and external circumstances. For example, the modulation of speaker's voice may be caused by their emotional state or depend on the person they are talking to. This work aims to summarize and review existing literature about the modulation of acoustic parameters of the voice and its effect on perception of others in mate-choice context. Key words acoustics, attractiveness, non-verbal vocalization, fundamental frequency, preferences
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Comparison of reaction times between combat sport athletes competing in matches and technical patterns
Novotný, Mikuláš ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pavelka, Radim (referee)
Title: Comparsion of reaction times between combat sport athletes competing in matches and technical patterns. Objectives: The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to compare the simple reaction times between two disciplines (sports fighting and technical patterns) in Taekwondo (WT, ITF) and Karate (JKA, ČSKe). Methods: To collect the data, we used a purpose-built questionnaire containing questions about basic demographic information, martial art and its discipline, length of experience, achieved technical level, and self-rated reaction speed. We measured reaction times using a purpose-built test through PsychoPy3 and the Pavlovia platform. The entire participation took place on-line and was mainly distributed through advertisements on social media and contacting associations of the studied sports. A total of 112 people took part in the study. Results: We found no statistically significant differences in mean reaction times between the sports fighting and technical patterns. Further, reaction times were statistically significantly negatively associated with the length of experience and age. Keywords: reaction time, visual signal, combat sports, on-line
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Factors associated with discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness
Benešová, Dominika ; Štěrbová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Self-rated attractiveness plays an important role in person's well-being or mate choice. In some individuals, their self-rating doesn't match how they are rated by others, which can be a sign of their overrating or underrating. This bachelor thesis presents mechanisms, which can lead to the discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness as well as individual factors which moderate the degree of this discrepancy. Theoretical introduction firstly describes general mechanisms which lead to the discrepancy in self- rating on the level of motivation, cognition and emotions. Then it presents biases that emerge in own body perception. Subsequently, it summarises the findings of previous research on the discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness. The last part focuses on psychological factors, that can be associated with different degrees of this discrepancy. This thesis also contains a research proposal that builds on the theoretical introduction and its main aim is to test hypotheses about the role of presented individual factors (self-esteem, narcissism, body dissatisfaction) in the degree of discrepancy between self-rated and other-rated attractiveness. Empirical evidence explaining the origin of this discrepancy is currently very limited. Therefore, possible new...
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Reaction time diagnostics of muay thai atletes
Skřivan, Tomáš ; Pavelka, Radim (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Tittle: Diagnosis of reaction level of fighters in Thai boxing Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to diagnose the level of reaction ability of fighters in Thai boxing, who have been engaged in this combat sport for several years on a professional level. Partial aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out the connection of the diagnosed reaction time with the success of the fighters in the last three years. Methods: In the quantitative research where the Vienna test system- determination test (short form with adaptive input of stimuli) was used for obtaining results. In our case, we investigate selective reaction ability. We compare results of reaction ability with fighting success. The correlation between the reaction time and the success factor is calculated using the correlation coefficient. Results: Based on measurements, made by using the Vienna test system, we found out, that professional Thai boxing fighters, were diagnosed as having a response rate in the main variable as a better average compared to the standard area average of the standard scale. Minor variables came out as a weaker average to below average. We also found, that the most mistakes wrestlers make on acoustic stimuli. Lastly, we disproved the hypothesis that the wrestlers with a better wrestling balance will...
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The relationship between facial morphology and physical strength: Testing of the Other-Race effect hypothesis
Klusáčková, Tereza ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pokorný, Šimon (referee)
Existing evidence shows people are able to attribute an individual's behavioural characteristics based on their facial features with a certain level of accuracy; one such characteristic is the perception of physical strength in potential opponents within the male intersexual competition. Physical strength seems be assessed upon the level of masculine facial features development. However, attributions may be influenced by other factors - namely personality traits of the evaluator or the so-called Other-race effect. In this study portrait photographs of men from Europe and Africa were rated by a group of European evaluators on a perceived physical strength. The aim of this study was to assess the link between attributed physical strength, actual physical strength (grip strength) and facial morphology described by relative facial width (fWHR) the Index of Masculinity (potential effects of age, body weight and height on said variables were controlled for). The use of stimuli of different ethnic origin enabled us to test the accuracy of physical strength attributions and actual physical strength in context to the Other-race effect hypothesis. According to its wording people tend to attribute characteristics with higher accuracy to individuals, who belong to the same population, or with whom they are...
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Relationship between testosterone and man facial morphology
Šefčíková, Alexandra ; Třebický, Vít (advisor) ; Pokorný, Šimon (referee)
Sex hormones influence the overall development of the individual, its development of the metabolic processes, and the distribution of the adipose and muscle tissue, the anatomy of the skeleton, the features of the face and the general appearance of the feminine and masculine phenotype. The morphological differences between men and women can be observed and studied already at the very young age. It is estimated that these differences relate to the distinct levels of the prenatal sex hormones. The occurring changes on face are continuously increasing during the period of adolescence yet, the peak of their development is spotted at puberty. In men's case, the level of testosterone is high enough to boost the growth of the secondary sex differences and the masculine features. In comparison with women, the face of men becomes more robust where the prominence of the supraciliary arch, nose and jowl is extended. The sex dimorphism of the face is one of the most significant signs of the intrasexual and intersexual selection. Key words: Morphology, face, sexual dimorphism, hormones, testosterone
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Relationship between male facial morphology and assessments of fighting ability
Třebický, Vít ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Social interactions may sometimes collide and result in conflicts which can be solved among others by means of physical violence. However, physical confrontations entail a risk of injuries and other fitness-affecting consequences. Thus, it seems likely that cognitive and behavioural processes to assess the fighting ability may have evolved by means of natural selection. This would facilitate adaptive decisions and responses to decrease costs and increase benefits from potential confrontations. Behavioural characteristics are often assessed according to physical traits such as facial appearance. People are relatively accurate in attributions of certain characteristics from facial traits, like physical strength or propensity for aggression. However, previous research was not based on data about actual fighting ability. Therefore, we conducted a series of empirical studies testing perception of formidability, accuracy of the perception and attempted to identify facial morphological traits related to the assessments and actual fighting performance. To test these issues, we employed Mixed Martial Arts contestants and used their record of victories and defeats. The results of our first study revealed that people are indeed able to relatively accurately assess the fighting ability of others. The fighting...
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