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Financing of British war economy in 1939-45
Čermák, David ; Fabianková, Klára (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on analysis of financing the British war economy during Second World War. The main goal of this thesis is to provide comprehensive view on aspects of financing a war economy in general and to illustrate those aspects on the example of Great Britain. The first part deals with pre-war period with accent on the process of rearmament. The second part defines means of war-time finance in general and then analyses their specific application in Great Britain. This part is also dedicated to comparison of approaches to financing war economy in Great Britain and Germany. The third part concerns specific issues of acquiring American dollars in order to finance government purchases of goods from the United States within boundaries of Cash and Carry doctrine. This part also analyses methods applied to acquiring American dollars and evaluates their importance to the British economy. Part of this thesis is also description of collaboration between Great Britain and United States after adoption of Lend-Lease act. Based on accessible information I answered the main questions about used methods and structure of financing British war finance. Half of the expenditure was met by raised taxation, which relied mostly on income tax. The other half of expenditure was covered by borrowings. The main source of the borrowings were the British citizen`s savings. In order to prevent macroeconomic destabilization the government introduced rationing and income taxes. These steps were successful in limiting demand-pulled inflation. Final analysis of means used to acquire American dollars states that those methods were unsuccessful in providing sufficient amounts of dollars. Therefore the introduction Lend-Lease act was essential to British war effort.
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Great Britain and Europe. Contribution to the analysis of approach of island state to the European Integration process - focused on approach of Winston Churchill.
Blažková, Kristýna ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis deals with development of approach of Sir Winston Churchill to European integration during the years 1945 to 1955. It tries to capture the change in Churchill's views and attitudes since the Prime Minister was Clement Attlee, until when he returned to this office himself. And both in terms of integration and national affairs. For this reason the work outlines the development of several major integration efforts and organizations, from the Council of Europe to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The thesis also analyzes Churchill's relationship with the United States and the Soviet Union and its efforts to achieve a summit meeting between these two States and Great Britain. Conciliation and agreement with Russia became for Churchill after 1951 a priority and therefore is to this topic devoted a large part in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Czechoslovak-British business relations during the 1960's of the twentieth century
Janoštík, Tomáš ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The main aim of bachelor's thesis is the analysis and description of the Czechoslovak-British business relations from the interwar period until the early 70's of the 20th century, with major focus on 60's. The author investigates the issue in a broader historical context, focusing on changes in business relationships during the interwar period, the period after february 1948, during the problematic 50's and improvement of relationships in 60's and during the normalization process in the early 70's. The author concludes that the hypothesis that the 60's were a period of renewing and improving of business relationships of Czechoslovakia and Great Britain is valid. Later trade relations were very strongly influenced by a centrally planned economy and politics of Czechoslovakia and the membership of Czechoslovakia CMEA.
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Rationalisation of the US Welfare State in the 1980s and 1990s
Dusil, Jakub ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with changes in attitude towards the US welfare state in the 1980s and 1990s, when its classical (liberal) concept was outshined by a more rational attitude of conservatism. Through a reduction in the number of welfare recipients President Reagan wanted to terminate the growth trend in the cost of social security. His provisions, however, caused a reduction in work incentives of welfare recipients and a significant decline in income of these people. Along with measures positively motivating to work President Clinton limited eligibility for social benefits and caused significant changes in the behavior of groups of people most dependent on these revenues. Analysis in the last part is focused on the effects of these measures on American society and changes in the well-being of various groups of the population. Findings show that Clinton was able to exploit the good economic conditions of the late 20th century better than Reagan. His social reform caused a more significant decrease in the number of those receiving social benefits, which was also accompanied by improvements in living conditions of US citizens - by growing self-sufficiency through increased labor participation and a decrease in poverty.
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Comparison of welfare state in Great Britain and Czechoslovakia (1945/1948-1951/1953)
Nádvorníková, Iva ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on comparison of emergence of welfare states in Great Britain during the government of Labor party in the years 1945-1951 and in Czechoslovakia during the first five-year plan during the government of the Communist party in the years 1948-1953. By degrees there are different elements of the areas of social security, health services, education and housing policy examined. In all these areas the two compared countries faced up to similar problems solved by government interventions; however also significant differences can be found in particular selected solutions. This analysis is focused primarily on the impact on individuals, but also illustrates the difficulty of application of the reforms from the perspective of the government.
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Ireland and the Marshall Plan
Pušová, Tereza ; Johnson, Zdenka (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with importance of European Recovery Program (Marshall plan) for Irish economy. The aim is to analyse whether the Marshall plan aid was in the case of Ireland rather a political decision or an economic necessity. In the first half of 20th century the economic and political development was adherent to Great Britain, although Ireland was anxious to break this bound since the foundation of the Free State. Second World War neutrality and disputable survey of post-war Irish economy caused bitter relationships with the United States and therefore even harder communication in the case of Marshall plan. Prevailing and historically determinated Irish isolationism and nationalism, trading orientation mainly on Great Britain, undeveloped economy and scepticism about the leading role of the United States in post-war world and economic integration of Europe in consequence led to the fact that Ireland was one of least developed countries in western Europe in the beginning of 1960s, even though it adopted the Marshall plan.
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Economic and political development of Great Britain during Harold Macmillan's government (1957-1963)
Myšák, Lukáš ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Kovář, Martin (referee)
My master's thesis focuses on analysis of political and economic development of Great Britain in 1957 -- 1964 period, when the Conservative Party was in charge, led firstly by H. Macmillan and then A. Home. After Macmillan gained the post of Prime minister, due to the Suez crisis, I present an analysis of British domestic economy, whose good condition led to conservative election victory of 1959. Then I analyze the shift of British government towards decolonization of Africa and also the British decision to join ECC (predeceased with EFTA agreement). Furthermore, there is an analysis of reasons behind H. Macmillan's resignation, which were mainly of medical character. Third part of my work is considering the Home government, his position as the Prime minister and development of British economy during early 1960's. Thesis is concluded by analysis of 1964's election, where the Labour Party achieved slim victory over the Conservative Party, and therefore was able to form a government.
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The Transformation of the Political Environment in Great Britain as a Result of the Rise of Mass Media (until the 70s of the 20th Century)
Koštel, Jakub ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
The main theme of this thesis is the relationship between media and politics in Great Britain mainly in the twentieth century. The research is based on the fact that dynamic post-war growth in technological and economical areas resulted in the development and mass expansion of new media, especially radio and television broadcasting. The main goal of the thesis is to analyze the transformation of British political environment and to verify the hypothesis arguing that this transformation was primarily caused by the development of new media. Changes in the British politics during the twentieth century are demonstrated especially by the election campaigns and methods of political communication. Another part of this work is also the brief analysis of the development of British mass media (press, radio and television) which provides an important context for achieving the stated objectives. The thesis is methodologically based on the research from fields of media history, political history and sociology which concentrates on political communication.
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Banking System in the USA on the background of the Great Depression
Jiráň, Michal ; Tajovský, Ladislav (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis concerns banking and financial systems in the United States of America during the time of the Great Depression. In the first stage, I will focus on the Federal Reserve System's monetary policy and its expansive character. Then I will emphasize on the events taking place in American banking system during the 20's, the linkage between these events and the great contradiction of American economy, which took place at the end of the decade. The key part of my thesis will be devoted to the analysis of the most important state interventions, which were supposed to save the banking and financial system from collapsing between 1930 -- 1933, and make the economy prosperous again. I will devote to the steps taken by Hervert Hoover; the president between years 1929 -- 1933, as well as the steps from the first year of F. D. Roosevelt's presidency. F. D. Roosevelt's era started in March 1933, and it was the time when the American banking system found itself in the most critical situation ever. During this era, the crucial measures were taken, and I will examine the hypothesis in which there were close connections between the political and the big business representatives standing behind their enactment. I will attempt to demonstrate that the officially proclaimed goals of those measures were unlike the real content, and the consequences of the new legislatives being enacted during these times.
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"Growing up under control?" the leisure time of youth in the seventies of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia
Labská, Helena ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Szobi, Pavel (referee)
The Diploma thesis deals with the leisure time of youth in the seventies of the 20th century in Czechoslovakia. It compares two forms of spending leisure time. Those are the official activities that were organized by the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia by the Socialist Union of Youth and unofficial alternatives that are ideologically opposed communism. The aim of this Diploma thesis is to contribute to the analysis of spare time of youth in the seventies of the 20th century. How did exactly the young generation of seventies in Czechoslovakia spend their free time and what opportunities did they really have. The conclusions of the thesis should then contribute to the development of further research in the area of free time of socialist society.
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