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Constitutional development in England from the beginning until the 17th century
Kollárová, Zuzana ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development in England from the beginning until the 17th century This thesis analyses the constitutional development and the evolution of the law and the society on the English territory from the formation of the first Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until the beginning of the 17th century. The aim of this work is to study the constitutional and legal development on the basis of historical events and thus offer an integrated interpretation and explanation of the issue. The thesis consists of eleven chronological chapters, in each of which the most important aspects of the constitutional development of the period are scrutinized. The emphasis is put on the most importan law heritage on the evolution of the law and law institutes, of the central as well as local state authorities and of the position and role of the sovereign/monarch in the given period. Particular attention is paid to the origin and the development of parliamentarism, its relation towards the monarch and their mutual interaction. The first chapter deals with the Anglo-Saxon period and the genesis of the origins of the legal development on the current English territory, with the arrival of Anglo-Saxon tribes and with the formation of the first political statehoods in this territory. The chapter focuses on the analysis of the most important...
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Political Trials in 1950s
Cihla, Václav ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
1 Resumé Title of thesis: Political Trials in 1950s The purpose of my thesis is to describe the political trials in continuities. It means the evolution of political situation, evolution of legal order, political trials themselves, rehabilitation and the present view of the phenomenon of political trials. The thesis comprises of six chapters. Chapter One deals with comprehensive view of the political trials, but not only on the political trials themselves. It mainly focuses on legal order, evolution of the judiciary, the background of the political trials, methods used in creating political trials, types of political trials and influence on society. The chapter is subdivided into seven subchapters. These subchapters describe legal order, persecution, political trials (in general), types of political trials, activity of Soviet advisors, methods and the judiciary. Chapter Two deals with the concept of punishment, its application and execution. The chapter consists of three subchapters. Subchapter One focuses on criminal offenses and the types of punishments. Subchapter Two focuses on the capital punishment and Subchapter Three explains execution of punishment (capital punishment and custodial sentence). Chapter Three deals with the trial with Karel Kutlvašr. I would like to present the mechanism of the trial...
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Methods of Treating Bankruptcy in the Era of the First Republic
Pavlík, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
RESUMÉ WAYS OF THE SOLVING OF THE BANKRUPTCY IN THE "FIRST-REPULIC ERA" This work offers close look on the ways, in which bankruptcy was solved in Czechoslovakia between both World Wars. This period was very interesting from social and economic point of view. During this time was rise substituted by recession. Except from this, with the formation of the independent state a great normative effort was on the rise too. Problems of solution of bankruptcy in so called "first-republic era" are introduced by brief description of historical development, which is mentioned to remember some elementary legal institutes, on which the bankruptcy law is based up to these days. During the work on this text of lead experts of the period in this branch were critically compared in order to realize the positives and negatives of the then regulation in the view of the praxis due to their opinions and possible conflicts as well as the way, in which the juristic theory and normative might reacted on the practical problems and public meaning. Studying of the Explanatory memorandum for the bill of the Act No. 64/1931 Coll., on bankruptcy, composition and resistance, helped a lot in this effort. The analysis of this Act is the axis of the work. Both the mentioned Act and the former Austrian regulation were compared as well as the...
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The Supreme Administrative Court of Czechoslovakia - its formation and development
Kučera, Miroslav ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
This thesis deals with the formation and development of the Supreme Administrative Court of the Republic of Czechoslovakia. Given that this institution in our country was built on similar principles as the previous administrative court in Vienna, there is a part of the work given to the development of Supreme Administrative Court in Vienna and also briefly discusses the development of directions of administrative judiciary in Europe, because only in mutual relations you can understand why after an establihment of the independent Republic of Czechoslovakia, the concept of the Supreme Administrative Court in Vienna used in our conditions as well. In particular, thanks to this and the legislative framework, the Supreme Administrative Court of Republic of Czechoslovakia could be constitued in a very short time after the establishment of the Republic of Czechoslovakia. The following is gradual evolution of the court changes its powers and jurisdiction, including amendments to the Act made about him. In addition, this work also addresses the issue of the seat of the Supreme Administrative Court, staffing its decision-making.
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Position of the Slovak National Council 1944-1948
Jiříček, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
This Thesis analyses the position of the Slovak National Council from 1944 through 1948 as a body that had acquired all legislative, executive and government powers after its revolutionary establishment in Slovakia. The Thesis also deals with the period preceding the constitution of the Slovak National Council in order to point out the historical reasons of establishment of this Slovak national authority in light of developing Czech-Slovak relationships from late 18th century to the Slovak National Uprising, after which the Slovak National Council had been established and taken the reins thereof afterwards. The Slovak National Council is considered in this Thesis a Slovak national authority which originated under the circumstances of the historical period as an expression of the Slovak nation's independence concurrently entering the anti-fascist and anti-nationalist struggle aimed at release from the factual German thraldom. Slovak National Council in 1944 through 1948 reflects the Slovak nation's position within the period common restoration of the Czechoslovak Republic and the Thesis analyses how the position had been deteriorating due to the following historical events, particularly due to power ambitions of the Soviet Union pursuing its sphere of influence in the Czechoslovak Republic mainly...
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Crimes of Communism: "Work camps at urnium mines in Jachymov and Pribram in 50 Between the 20th century"
Lukáš, Jiří ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Crimes of Communism: "Forced labor camps at uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram in Fifties of the 20th century " In this thesis, I tried to submit, if possible, factually true and correct image of a politically and legally difficult period in our postwar history. Communist revolution in February 1948 started the socialist reconstruction of our society with all the attendant phenomena of rising totalitarian power. Persecution of political opponents and their re-education and forced labor work in uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram is a really sad reality of our recent history of the fifties of the last century. In retrospect, absurd crimes these prisoners and incredibly inhumane prison conditions and rules of inconvenient people in forced labor camps only show monstrosity of Communist ideology and are proof of loathing practices then representatives of the ruling party. Overview of forced labor camps, the operation of the communist judiciary, the number of incarcerated people, and unfortunately, the numbers who stay in the camps and work in uranium mines have not survived are so by drawing on what the historical stage brought our ancestors and what must remain unforgotten.
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Testament and its legal regulation in the history, present and de lege ferenda
Hruboňová, Michaela ; Adamová, Karolina (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
1 ABSTRACT (resumé - anglická verze) Testament and its legal regulation in the history, present and de lege ferenda This thesis is concerned with historical development of legislation of the testament as a probate title in our country. It analyzes the different legal regulations and delivering a comprehensive look at this institute from past to present and thanks to the new civil code in to the future. Its aim is to bring will to the general public as a significant Heritage title respecting the will of the testator and allowing him to choose his heirs or their inheritance shares otherwise than as provided for in the rules of inheritance law. Since the new Civil Code returns to our inheritance law some traditional institutions, it is beneficial for better understanding to be also familiar with their historical adapting and development. Thesis in each historical period approximates the form of the testament with its most relevant features that enable easier comparisons between treatments. The first part is presented form of testament by the law of Roman. It wasn't only laid the foundations of this institute, but continental law at all therefore his conception of wills and inheritance law cannot be ignored. First chapter closer the Roman law requirements for persons deceased and heirs (testamentary capacity),...
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Constitutional development of the Francist Spain
Vavrušková, Magda ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Constitutional Development of the Francoist Spain Summary in English The aim of the thesis is to describe political regime, legal order and especially the constitutional laws applicable in Spain during the governance of Francisco Franco Bahamonde between the years 1936 and 1975. Franco took part in the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic and soon became the leader of the nationalist troops. As the head of state he constructed a "New State" inspired by the fascist, falangist and traditionalistic ideas. Under the influence of international circumstances after the Second World War he was forced to change his allies - Mussolini's Italy and Hitler's Germany was replaced by the United States - but his autocratic regime did not change a lot. It was still him who disposed of the unlimited power and whose status was unchangable. The free competition of the political parties was disabled as the only legal party was Francoist FET y de las JONS (later known as National Movement). During his reign Franco adopted seven constitutional laws which confirmed human rights and ideological principles of the regime and organized the state administration and public authorities. First of these laws was Labour Charter, adopted in 1938, followed by Law on the Cortes in 1942, Charter of the Spaniards in 1945, Law on...
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Protectorate Governments and their Legislative Activities
Obermajer, Pavel ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Zusammenfassung Die Diplomarbeit "Die Protektoratsregierungen und ihren legislativen Tätigkeiten" zielt darauf ab, den Leser mit den Aktivitäten der einzelnen Protektoratsregierungen im zeitgenössischen Kontext und mit deren Gesetzgebungstätigkeit zwischen 15. 3. 1939 und 5.5.1945 vertraut zu machen. Die Arbeit ist in drei Teile gegliedert. Der erste Teil trägt den Titel "Historische Pfad zum Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren". Dieses Kapitel ist in zwei Teile geteilt. Der erste Teil beschäftigt sich mit dem Ende der zwanzigjährigen Existenz der Tschechoslowakei auf der Grundlage von Verhandlungen von vier europäischen Mächten auf der Münchner Konferenz. Das zweite Kapitel beschreibt die Entwicklung und die Wende in der Politik der neuen Regierung mit Orientierung auf Nazi-Deutschland. Im zweiten Kapitel "Anfang des Protektorats" werden in ihrem ersten Teil die Nachtverhandlungen von Emil Hácha in Berlin und die gleichzeitige Sitzung der Regierung in frühen Stunden des 15. März 1939 beschrieben. Die Abgrenzung der Hauptproblematik des zweiten Teils dieser Kapitel ist der staatsrechtliche Status und vor allem die Analyse Hitler Verordnung vom 16. März 1939 über die Errichtung des Protektorats Böhmen und Mähren. Der Kern der Arbeit befindet sich im dritten Kapitel genannt "Protektoratsregierungen". Dieses Kapitel...
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