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Artificial phospholipid membranes - method of prepatation, properties and their usage
Hryzáková, Klára ; Fišer, Radovan (advisor) ; Sýkora, Michal (referee)
Heterogenita biologických membrán vedla ke vzniku širokého spektra zjednodušených modelových systémů, jejichž uspořádání, velikost a tvar se dají přizpůsobovat různým aktuálním požadavkům. Existují dva rozdílné přístupy k vytváření umělých fosfolipidových membrán. První z nich je založen na vzniku membrán ve vodném prostředí. Do této skupiny patří černé lipidické membrány, dvojvrstvy na pevném podkladu, dvojvrstvy vzniklé z monovrstev na rozhraní vody a vzduchu a liposomy. Ve druhém případě vznikají dvojvrstevné membrány v množství organické fáze metodou dvojvrstev na kapičkovém rozhraní. Každý typ umělých membrán má své experimentální výhody a nevýhody, což se používá ke studiu různých problémů sahajících od chování jednotlivých fosfolipidů a proteinů až po fúze membrán. Umělé fosfolipidové membrány jsou vhodným nástrojem pro elektrickou charakterizaci dvojvrstev a nebo membránových proteinů. Tato práce je ucelený přehled nejpoužívanějších metod vhodných pro vznik umělých fosfolipidových membrán. Klíčová slova: membrána, lipid, fosfolipidová dvojvrstva, liposom, černá lipidová membrána, dvojvrstvy na pevném podkladu, dvojvrstva na kapičkovém rozhraní Abstract The heterogeneity of biological membranes has led to development of a wide spectrum of simplified model systems whose composition, size and...
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Influence of physical demands on shooting accuracy with hand-operated weapon
Sýkora, Michal ; Michalička, Vladimír (advisor) ; Barták, Erik (referee)
Title: Influence of physical demands on shooting accuracy with hand-operated weapon. Objectives: Aim of this thesis is compare how physical load, present by Burpee motor abilities test, aplicate on selected group of soldiers influence their shooting accuracy from pistol in stand up position with bouth hands grip at standing target. Aggregate of twenty test subjects is comosed of policemen from Department of protect and escort Military police Prague and students from VO at FTVS UK in Prague. Methods: For statistical data processing we used the method of comparison and comparison of averages. To determine statistical significance, we used two- tailed, paired t - test. For the evaluation targets, we used numerical method for detecting mean point of impact. Results: The measured data were processed statistically, it was found that physical activity has statistical effect on the shooting accuracy, while standing and with both hands grip, from pistole in the first group (MP). The second measurement work out similary, which mean physical exercise has statistical effect on the shooting accuracy, while standing and with both hands grip, from pistole. Furthermore, we found that the greatest influence on shooting accuracy after physical exertion realized by Burpee test, have the individual level of fitness...
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Genome editing using programmable endonucleases
Hanečková, Radmila ; Sedláček, Radislav (advisor) ; Sýkora, Michal (referee)
Programmable endonucleases are engineered proteins that recognize specific nucleotide sequences and that are capable of introducing double-strand breaks within these sequences. Zinc-finger nucleases have been used extensively as a tool in genome editing, the practice of introducing changes into genomes of cell lines or whole organisms as a way to study gene function. Recently, new types of programmable endonucleases have emerged in the form of transcription activator like effector (TALE) nucleases and the CRISPR/Cas system. The types differ in respect to their mechanism of function, accessibility, selectivity, frequency of off-target cleavage and cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system and explore their current and possible future applications in a broad spectrum of research ranging from developing genetically modified organisms to gene therapy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Characterization of transcription apparatus encoded by the linear plasmids of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
Sýkora, Michal ; Vopálenský, Václav (advisor) ; Krásný, Libor (referee)
Transcription is an essential step in the expression of genetic information. This process depends on protein complex of multisubunit RNA polymerases that are exceptionally conserved among all cellular organisms. These enzymes together with eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases involved in gene silencing form a monophyletic protein family whose members contain two double-ψ β-barrel structural motifs in their active center. This family also includes a group of mainly in silico predicted non-canonical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases which differ from multisubunit RNA polymerases in reduced composition. Putative non-canonical RNA polymerase consisting of two subunits is also encoded by cytoplasmic linear plasmids of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and highly likely transcribes genes of these plasmids. Characterization of a unique transcription machinery of Kluyveromyces lactis plasmids with major emphasis on non-canonical RNA polymerase has become the aim of this work. Bioinformatic analysis in silico was used to examine the evidence leading to an assumption of existence of specific RNA polymerase. Subsequent genetic and biochemical methods were used for: 1) production of putative RNA polymerase subunits in several expression systems; 2) testing interaction between several components of transcription...
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Assessment of aroma active compounds in selected type of cheese
Dostálková, Andrea ; Sýkora, Michal (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the aroma active compounds of Emmental and Moravský bochník types of cheeses, i.e. natural hard cheese with high heat curd. In the theoretical part these cheeses are characterized, their chemical composition is described as well as individual steps of their manufacturing process. After that a literature search focused on aroma active substances is made and the following methods are described: solid phase microextraction for their isolation and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for detection. In the experimental part the selected SPME-GC-MS method is used to identify volatile aroma active compounds in cheeses with high heat curd bought on the market and samples of model cheeses manufactured at Tomas Bata University in Zlín with the use of various ratios of added dairy cultures. The differences among samples were found in the number and types of volatile compounds. A total of 129 compounds were identified in samples; of those 35 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, 24 ketones, 16 carboxylic acids, 23 esters, 1 ether, 16 hydrocarbons, 2 sulphurous and 3 nitrogenous compounds.
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Temporal applicability of criminal legislation and certain selected issues occurring in practice
Sýkora, Michal ; Šámal, Pavel (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
1 Abstract The essay is taking through the current problems with the time applicability of the criminal (penal) law in the Czech republic, especially with the view of new Criminal Code no. 40/2009, which has taken place on 1st January 2010 (but the new Criminal Code was in progress for several years). The theoretical part of the essay is about the basic questions of the criminal (penal) law's time applicability, the sources of the law (both national and international) from the past and present, also the basic theoretical insights into the time applicability and finally its current adaptation in the Czech law system and the changes brought by the new Criminal Code. The most significant and serious change in the Criminal Code regarding to the time applicability is to be able to establish the exact time of the criminal act. The previous absence of this adjustment in the Criminal Code no. 140/1960 have caused disagreements between the theory and the judicature, whether the actual time of the criminal act is once the crime has been accomplished or when the criminal act hase been committed. The new Criminal Code have uniquely determined this to be once the criminal act has been committed which means no future disagreements with that issues. The practical part of the essay is describing and dealing with problems...
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West European Impulses of Bulgarian Diabolism (A Look at the Bulgarian Literature of the 1920s)
Jeřábková, Zlatina ; Černá, Milada (advisor) ; Jensterle Doležal, Alenka (referee) ; Sýkora, Michal (referee)
West European Impulses of Bulgarian Diabolism (A Look at the Bulgarian Literature of the 1920s) Abstract Keywords: Bulgarian literature, expressionism, avant-garde, diabolism, horror fiction, marvelous, uncanny, Menippean carnival discourse, romanticism, naturalism, individualism Svetoslav Minkov (1902-1966), Vladimir Poljanov (1899-1988), Georgi Rajčev (1882 - 1947), Čavdar Mutafov (1889-1954) Contrary to its generally innovative potential for Bulgarian literature, the phenomenon called Bulgarian diabolism has been a marginal one from the point of view of literary discourse. The interest of postmodern writers and reviewers has given rise to accentuating some of the partial aspects of the works of Svetoslav Minkov, Vladimir Polyanov, Georgi Raychev and Chavdar Mutafov. However, with the exception of Thomas Martin's monograph Der bulgarische Diabolismus. Eine Studie zur bulgarischen Phantastik zwischen 1920 und 1934, published in 1993, works explicating the nature of the phenomenon in Bulgarian literature have been missing. Due to their novelty and impurity, the syncretic writings of Bulgarian diabolists, blending fading individualistic modernist tendencies together with elements of romantic fiction of horror in the generally expressionist roots of their works, were a phenomenon difficult to rank for their...
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The influence of physical activity and equipment on the power stroke
Sýkora, Michal ; Vágner, Michal (advisor) ; Majerčík, Petr (referee)
Title: The influence of physical activity and equipment on the power stroke Objectives: The aim is to identify and compare the influence of the physical activity of the modified motoric Cooper's test 20 minutes (running) and equipment 15 kg bag in a selected group of soldiers and policemen during a direct punch. Set of eight test subjects are students VO at Charles University in Prague and police emergency services. Methods: This empirical work observational nature. We measured the power of direct punch hitting the load cell. To determine heart rate were used to sporttester and stress test W170 bicycle ergometer. For statistical data processing we used the methods of comparison and comparison of averages. Results: The measured data were processed statistically and found that the physical exercise without equipment does not influence the power of stroke. The second measurement found that physical exercise with 15 kg rucksack has a power stroke statistically significant effect. The third measurement found similar data, as for the second measurement. Influence kits (15 kg rucksack) has a significant impact on the power stroke. Furthermore, we found that the greatest influence on the physical stress level aerobic toning individual. The trained persons with impact force after physical exertion proved...
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Catalytic function of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases
Sýkora, Michal ; Vopálenský, Václav (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is a highly organised protein complex that is responsible for gene expression and its regulation. Multisubunit RNA polymerase with its several catalytic activities is responsible for transcription of genes to RNA copies in all cellular organisms. During transcription RNA polymerase undergoes substantial conformational changes depending on the conditions in a particular cell. RNA polymerase in a state designated as an elongation complex passes through repetitive cycles of adding a nucleotide to the growing RNA chain. The active center contains two magnesium ions which coordinate the reactive groups of substrates. Furthermore, the active center contains structural elements that participate in binding of substrate, propper orientation of substrate towards the template strand and translocation of the RNA polymerase. The most important of these mobile structural elements are the bridge helix and the trigger loop whose conformational changes accompanies nucleotide addition cycle. Advances in the structural and biochemical characterization of RNA polymerase open new possibilities in the understanding of the transcription mechanism, its fidelity and control.
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