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European Painters of Native Tribes
Zámečníková, Kristýna ; Rychlík, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The subject of a thesis is theoretical analysis of artistic work of two painters who as first ones showed in early modern Europe the visual appearance of the American native tribes. French Jacques le Moyne de Morgues and English John White were colonization pioneers of the New world in the second half of 16th century. Their work was extended through engravings of Theodor de Bry, Flemish engraver, after their return to the Old continent. Though the engraver purposely manipulated with their pictures - he edited the images and added various details. The thesis also deals with question what was the main intention of the Flemish engraver. Methodological resource was collecting information and text interpretation. The purpose of the thesis is familiarization with life and work of the European painters who as first ones depicted American Indian tribes and with activity of Theodor de Bry who extended their work in Europe. Key words: The New world, Indians, colonies, painters, artistic value.
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Slavic motives and their function in the works of K.J. Erben and B. Němcová (cultural studies)
Šťástka, Tomáš ; Soukup, Martin (referee) ; Rychlík, Martin (referee)
The thesis focuses on identifying the traces of original Slavonic mythology in the works of two Czech forefront fairy-tales collectors, Karel Jaromír Erben and Božena Němcová. The aim of the thesis is to answer the following question: Are the general characteristics of the depicted supernatural beings the result of writers' imagination, or are they the remains of much older, yet still present pagan tradition? First part of the thesis presents an analysis of the most important works of Erben and Němcová. Regarding the contemporary understanding of their work, this part questiones the significance of writers' own preconceptions on one side, and the importance of the persisting remains of pagan tradition on the other, and discusses the resulting image and our contemporary understanding of the work. Following chapters summarize current knowledge of Slavonic paganism and describe its particular figures and deities. Due to the consequences of christianization, as well as its historical role in the development of Central Europe, final part of the thesis briefly sums up the culture and history of Great Moravia.
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Amulets and talismans in cross-cultural perspective
Nuska, Petr ; Rychlík, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with amulets and talismans, ie. artifacts made as magical protective objects. In the first chapter there are mentions about etymology of terms "amulet" and "talisman"; difference between these two words and its meanings. There is also the summary of other relevant terms (as glyph, pantacle or fetish). Next chapter follows up magic in the wider context. The central chapter is cross-cultural analysis of amulets and talismans. Artifacts are divided into several categories according to principles for which are regarded as functional: homeopatic (imitative) principle, contagious principle (according to James G. Frazer), magical- text principle, principle of magical color (according to Dimitrij K. Zelenin), principle of magical substances, principle of personified force majeure (according to Josef Kandert) and principle of combination (which means combinations of principles given above). The short chapter on the early end deals with situation about current talismanic magic. The work is complemented by the rich images appendix as well as summary of mentioned ethnicities. Keywords: amulet, talisman, magic
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Differences and similiarities in the Czech and Japanese culture as seen in myths and tales
Krupková, Marcela ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Rychlík, Martin (referee)
This paper focuses on universality of folk tales from different parts of the world, such as Czech and Japan, due to sharing many common components. The evolution of Japanese philosophy and religion is scrutinized up to the Tokugawa era, and is compared to the process of Christianization in our region. The evolution of tales follows from their mythical roots up to their expansion into literature. A section about folkloristic research of tales and he work of V. J. Propp ensues. The evolution of Czech folk tales is focused on the Czech National Revival and the works of K. J. Erben and B. Němcová. Then the evolution of Japanese tales is defined by the evolution of Japanese writing system up to 19th century folkloristics. The comparison itself deals with particular components common to both groups of tales, Czech and Japanese, while it focuses on how these components are dealt with differently in each society. In conclusion, tendencies in the perception of tales in the 20th and 21st century are indicated, and its significance for early development of human beings despite the recent trend in society of deviating away from our own roots. Key Words Tales, religion, folklore, literature, Japan.
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Abya Yala : A view on the Bolivian indigenist movement
Malá, Šárka ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Rychlík, Martin (referee)
The thesis presents an analysis of the French documentary film Abya Yala, es nuestra, directed by Patrick Vanier in 2007, which describes events in Bolivia's recent history of 2005/2006. The main goal of our work was to think about the way in which this period is depicted in the film. We were also questioning who the chosen respondents were and how well they reflect this period. Moreover we were interesed in the director's visual presentation of the topic. To analyse our object of study we used a quantitative analysis of the content of sequences and we completed it by a semiotic analysis of the comments and of the visual part of the film. Our thesis is the fruit of a cultural and interdisciplinary approach, which includes sociology, social and visual anthropology. In our reflections we were inspired particulary by the social representation theory, the ethnicity theory of Thomas Hylland Eriksen and the principles of visual anthropology.
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Masks in contemporary art
Novotná, Barbora ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor) ; Rychlík, Martin (referee)
My bachelor thesis observes masks and it's representation in contemporary art in order to express identity. In the first part, the brief theory of mask is being presented. It concerns definitions, etymology of the word mask and theories in which mask is related to the identity. Considerable part of work studies mask in visual arts. Trough several art works from modern era, we can see the way mask entered into the tradition of modern and consequently contemporary art. Brief view is given on contemporary perception of identity. Important types and functions of mask are devided and the way how contemporary artists approach the topic of the mask and identity is descripted. Keywords Masks Face Art Identity Contemporary art
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History of Tattoving: The Postmodern Era Meets Archism. Culture of "Modern Primitives"
Rychlík, Martin ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Todorovová, Jiřina (referee) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee)
History of Tattooing: The Postmodern Era meets Archaism. The Culture of "Modern Primitives" dr. Martin Rychlík The presented dissertation concerns tattooing as the main theme - its history, functions, techniques, media presentations, individual motivation and general human attitudes towards decorating (and mutilating) the body. The author, ethnology / social anthropology student Martin Rychlik (Department of Ethnology Charles University in Prague), provides a comprehensive overview of many aspects of tattooing - considered as an universal cultural custom, so far poorely mapped in the Czech republic. Tattooing is a very complex and archaic phenomenon that has roots in the ancient Stone Age. The first direct archaeological proof was found in 1991, in Soelden near the Austro-Italian boarder. The mummified remains of a 5300 year-old hunter/shepherd emerged from a melting glacier and got nickname "Oetzi". Other well known tattooed mummies are the Egyptian Middle kingdom priestess Hathor and the frozen Scythian chief from Pazyryk. Many "primitive" tribes worldwide have adopted tattooing as a means of expression. Among the best documented are those of the Maori, Ainu, Samoans, Dayak, Tahiti islanders, Inuit, South American Indians and nomadic Siberian groups. The first so-called renaissance of tattoo is associated...
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Feminist anthropology
Purschová, Adéla ; Rychlík, Martin (referee) ; Soukup, Václav (advisor)
A dissertation Feminist Anthropology introduces the branch of cultural anthropology developed in The Seventies of 20th century as a reaction to androcentric approach within this subject and science generally. It charts history of feminist anthropology, its intellectual sources, main theories, terms, scientists and methods. The main focus of the dissertation is on anthropological approach to gender - sexual identity shaped and shared by the culture. The central topic is an exploration, how the gender relations and male and famale spheres have been studied within cultural anthropology and how does the gender of researchers influence the research. Because feminist anthropology has roots in feminist movement, the dissertation initially introduces history and goals of European and American feminism. Feminist anthropology also has found inspiration in many anthropological lines, schools and in other social sciences, which it has used as a base of its theories or has reinterpreted it from gender perspective. The disseration offers view of these intellectual sources. In next part the disseration presents life and work of the first professional women anthropologists like Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Elsie Clews Parsons and Eleanor Burke Leacock. From the golden age of feminist anthropology it offers a view of the most...
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Industrial music
Rychlík, Martin ; Kuška, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
V předkládané DP, určené k obhajobě na Katedře kulturologie FF UK, jsem se pokusil shrnout důležité aspekty ve vývoji jednoho druhu moderní hudby, který bývá nazýván industriálem, a jeho nejpřístupnější taneční odnoži tzv. Electronic Body Music (EBM). Domnívám se, že zvolený postup ukázal na mnoho zajímavých faktů, které vesměs akademická obec (dokonce i odborná muzikologická) nebere v potaz, přestože je třeba obracet zrak i k nejnovějším a různorodým formám kultury. 84 V DP jsem přiblížil stěžejní publikované práce k tématu, definoval pojem této hudby, představil její historii a význačná hudební alba, přičemž jako případovou studii jsem zvolil slavnou skupinu Front 242, jejíž další přiblížení je též náplní příloh. Důležitou součástí je ukázka, jak funguje EBM tvorba a komunita, v čem je specifická, jací jsou lidé, kteří takovou muziku poslouchají a jaké má tento hudební styl obsahy. Otázkou zůstává, jak by se s fenoménem EBM vypořádali odborní muzikologové, kteří se elektronickou hudbou zabývají na obecnější rovině: "Hudba a elektronika současně jako nový Gesamtkunstwerk nebo komerce a zastírání ne-umění anebo snaha o nové jako výraz doby?" ptá se například hudební sociolog Miloš Schnierer (1995:63). Tento text by si samozřejmě zasloužil další pokračování, tím spíše, že jsem si vědom prostoru k dalšímu...
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