|
|
Assessment of landscape fragmentation in relation to long-distance migration
Šťovíčková, Kateřina ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with the fragmentation of the landscape as a result of highway infrastructure and human settlement. The aim is to analyze the current level of fragmentation and permeability of the landscape for large mammals in the region of Moravska Brana, which is a significant migration area between the West Carpathian and Hercynian sub-provinces. The results confirm the increased degree of fragmentation in this area due to the accumulation of several line barriers from the Northeast to the Southwest, and it particularly shows the negative impact of Highway D1. By comparing the degree of fragmentation with supra- regional corridors, this thesis evaluates the Territorial system of ecological stability (TSES) and the habitat model of large carnivores. This thesis shows that the current migration corridors provide only a fragmented landscape with unsuitable habitat. While making a comprehensive analysis of the permeability of the D1 motorway, the effectiveness of the migration corridor between Klimkovice and Dolni Ujezd was evaluated with an emphasis on monitoring the ecoduct of Suchdol nad Odrou, which is used primarily by medium-sized mammals. The results show that large mammals in this area have found the most appropriate migration corridor a long elevated road through the river valleys. Key...
|
|
|
Habitat connectivity of PLA Třeboňsko in relation to the occurrence of otter
Bureš, Jan ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Habitat connectivity in the mostly fragmented landscape nowadays poses a great problem for conservation. Its protection on the basis of permeability is one of the main concerns of conservation. The population of otter in the PLA Třeboňsko is one of the largest in central Europe, yet, even in the relatively sparsely populated area the population is endangered by a high mortality on roads. That is why this region is an adequate model area for determining the permeability and connectivity of the landscape in relation to the occurrence of and spread of otter and successive designation of high-risk migration areas with the possibility of remedy. This thesis deals with habitat connectivity, the mortality of mammals on the roads and a literature search. An analysis of fragmented area and a resistance model and connectivity for the spread of otter was created based on the findings of the literature search and the information obtained by mapping and expert analysis. Keywords: habitat connectivity - landscape resistance - European otter - PLA Třeboňsko
|
|
|
The influence of land cover and its change on distribution and species composition of raptors in the Czech Republic
Černá, Hana ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The Influence of Land Cover and Its Change on Distribution and Species Composition of Raptors in the Czech Republic Abstract Bird species diversity and distribution in relation to a variety of factors have been the subject of numerous works. So far, none of these studies have dealt with an individual order of birds, and this is why I decided to undertake this type of research. The main theme of my work is the extent to which land cover and particularly its perpetual changes influence the local species of raptors. In the introductory part, I outline the character of the changes on the territory of the Czech Republic in the years 1970-2000 and describe their influence on the distribution and diversity of raptors. An analysis of historical and current data concerning the above mentioned period follows, the chief objective being to evaluate all the aspects of dependence of raptors on the past and present state of the landcover in the Czech Republic. The dependence of diversity of raptors on the diversity of land cover has been proved.
|
|
|
Land cover and landscape structure change due to urban sprawl on the outskirts of Prague
Keprta, Antonín ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
(Sub)urbanization significantly change the character of the landscape in the suburbs. Moving population and economic activities in the hinterland of cities initiates changes of land cover and landscape structure. The landscape becomes more fragmented mainly due to transport infrastructure that binds to the construction of new commercial and residential areas. Characterizing landscape structure is possible using landscape metrics. For the analysis of Prague hinterland was selected 7 landscape metrics (percentage of land cover categories, number of patches, mean patch size, mean shape index, total edge, mean distance to the nearest neighbour and DIVISION index). Metrics were selected based on the research of world literature dealing with the phenomenon of urban sprawl. The aim was to select appropriate metrics describing landscape composition and landscape configuration, but at the same time with clear interpretation. The results suggest that significant changes in the landscape structure occured during period of 55 yaers, in the Prague suburb. Most new buildings, whether residential or commercial, were built especially on former agricultural land. There is obviously lack of protection from the urban sprawl. Keywords: (sub)urbanization, urban sprawl, landscape structure, land cover, landscape metrics
|
|
|
Assesment of landscape permeability - example of Prague highway bypass
Štambergová, Barbora ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
Permeability of the landscape is crucial for the survival of many species. However, nowadays is quickly increasing the landscape fragmentation and the connectivity of landscape elements is decreasing. Fragmentation of the landscape is mainly affected by road constructions, which cause even other significant ecological impacts. In connection with recovery of the permeability of the landscape are therefore made these line barriers often passable. Construction of the road over- and under- passes is common measure, but the remaining question is if constructions of these objects help to achieve required measures. The practical part of this thesis is therefore focused on analysis of selected passageways of Prague highway bypass and on the evaluation of their using. Keywords: Landscape fragmentation, landscape permability, ecoducts, mitigation measures
|
|
|
The influence of topography and geology on the functional plant diversity in the Křivoklátsko PLA
Radoměřský, Tomáš ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Geological evolution resulted in continual changes of the natural environment. These changes are occuring even today and will take place in the future as well. The present form of nature is the result of conflicting effects of endogenous and exogenous processes. The natural environment is increasingly disturbed and transformed by human activities. The final appearance of the landscape has a decisive influence on the distribution of vegetation. In my work I deal with the influence of topography on the distribution of plant functional types. First I summarize in short the paleogeographic evolution of the Křivoklátsko and the near neighborhood from the time of Upper Proterozoic to the present. Further I describe individual physiogeographic factors and theirs influenceon the distribution and diversity of plants. These include geological substrate, topography, soil, climate and disturbance. Shortly after that I characterize the geology, geomorphology, soils, hydrologyand vegetation of the Křivoklátsko PLA. Later I describe ways of expressing the diversity of plantswith accent on the diversity of functional types. My research is based on the analysis of functional diversity of plants and evaluation of the relationship of individual functional vegetation types and the topography. Results of the work...
|
|
|
The importance of the forest continuity and fragmentation as a variable determining the diversity of beetles
Loskotová, Tereza ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
Presented thesis examines the influence of two frequently discussed variables, forest continuity and forest fragmentation, on beetle diversity. An area of managed forests near Choceň was assessed. Longterm presence of local forest cover (minimum 240 years) can be documented by historical maps. Oak woodlands corresponding to the potencial vegetation were considered as continuous when older than 100 years. Those areas were compared with spruce forest. Fragmentation is understood to be a result of a conversion of species composition since 18th century until present. Other ecological and forest structural variables with possible influence on beetle populations were included. Out of the 38 completely described families of beetles were chosen into account. One defined taxonomically is represented by click-beetles (Elateridae) and the other group, saproxylic beetles, is defined by ecology. Their responses to variables of forest continuity and forest fragmentation were compared. Keywords: forest continuity, fragmentation, flight-intercept traps, biodiversity, saproxylic, beetles, Elateridae
|
|
|
Assesment of land use influence on landscape naturalness
Kaňková, Helena ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
1 Assesment of land use influence on landscape naturalness Abstract Human activities are putting an increasing pressure on natural areas. Complex understanding and evaluation of human impact on the environment is considered to be a key tool to preserve natural balance. Biodiversity was chosen as proxy for naturalness as it has been recognized as one of the main components of environmental stability. Several different indices has been developed to assess human-induced changes in biodiversity. In this study, mean abundance of original species relative to their abundance in undisturbed ecosystems (MSA) is used as an indicator for current state of naturalness. Indicator MSA is built on simple cause-effect relationships between environmental drivers and biodiversity impacts, based on state-of-the-art knowledge. Drivers considered are landcover change, land-use intensity, fragmentation and infrastructure development. As most of biodiversity indices, MSA illustrate prevailingly poor condition of nature as a result of human induced pressures, especially land cover change. Considering constantly increasing population and economic development human pressure grow is likely to continue during the coming decades with irreversible loss in the diversity of life on the Earth. Keywords: Mean species abundance (MSA) - land...
|
|
|
Forest soil acidification in the Czech Republic and analysis of differences between spruce and beech stands
Růžek, Michal ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Forest soil acidification in the Czech republic and analysis of differences between spruce and beech stands Abstract Acidification of forest soils is the process which considerably affected soil chemistry in the 2nd half of the last century. The aim of this paper is to give comprehensive review about the soil acidification, especially with focus on differences between forest species Norway spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). The work also provides information about acidification mechanisms and its historical development in the Czech Republic. In the practical part the soil conditions under the beech and spruce stands from 5 mountainous and upland sites are compared. The results showed better soil conditions under the beech stands, where higher pH values and concentrations of base cations were measured. However there were observed lower concentrations of toxic Al3+ in deeper horizons under the spruce stands, although the difference was insignificant. key words: soil acidification, spruce stands, beech stands, Czech Republic
|
|
|
Landscape typology of Central Europe - relationship between natural conditions and potential ecosystem services
Fňukalová, Eliška ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Landscape Typology - Relationship Between Natural Conditions and Potential of Ecosystem Services Abstract Degradation of natural environment in last century has led to significant impacts on ecosystem's functioning. There was a need to study and manage landscapes towards to sustainable development and human well-being. The Ecosystem Services Approach was established as a response. Recognition of the relationship between potential of ecosystem services and its spatial and temporal distribution is especially challenging. This thesis tries to identify the relationship between potential of ecosystem services and bio-physical conditions in Central Europe. Complex typology of natural landscapes is used as an expression of its bio-physical characteristics. Input layers in the classification represent climate, soils and terrain variables. K-means clustering was used to identify seven types of natural landscapes. Potential of ecosystem services was evaluated by Burkhard et al in 2009 for CORINE Land Cover layer. This methodology was used to represent the spatial pattern of potential of ecosystem services and to identify the specific values for each class of landscape. There is a significant correlation between ecosystem services and the altitude for these classes. On the other hand, ecosystem services depend on the...
|
guest ::
