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Landscape Classification of Experimental Watersheds in the Jizera Mountains
Buková, Eva ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the landscape classification of the Czech hydrometeorological institute's experimental Watersheds in the Jizera Mountains. The classification was developed on the Watersheds of selected physical- geographic characteristics that can influence its rainfall-runoff process. The selected factors were geologic standards, soil cover and characteristics of the relief - inclination, exposition and vegetation types. The landscape cover represents one of the most significant factors that form the surface runoff. The method of cluster analysis, more specifically the method of K-means clustering, was used for the landscape classification. The typology was developed for the abiotic characteristics of the watersheds as well as for the landscape cover. Altogether 5 analyses with different numbers of clusters were produced while creating both classifications. Based on the analyses the watersheds with the most similar abiotic characteristics and landscape covers were defined. The annex of the thesis is the evaluation of the landscape development of the target area from the years 1953, 1986 and 2013.
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Distribution of invasive neophytes in the riparian vegetation of the Berounka river
Randová, Nela ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The river banks are very often colonized by invasive alien plants. The aim of this paper was to monitor the presence of invasive neophytes in riparian vegetation of the Berounka river and to compare the results with those of Boháčková (2007) from the year 2006. The research was completed during August in the year 2015. In every segment of the riparian vegetation were observed the presence and approximate population of seventeen invasive neophytes. In the riparian vegetation of the Berounka river were observed thirteen invasive neophytes on the whole. Impatiens glandulifera occured in the largest number of the segments, very closely followed by Robinia pseudacacia. Reynoutria sp. represented the largest population of individuals in the entire study area. The results of the comparison showed that the invasive neophytes are spreading to new locations but their population is not getting bigger. Key words: invasive neophytes, riparian vegetation, stream, changes in vegetation, monitoring of vegetation
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Recent landscape dynamics of the Šumava NP
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Vlček, Lukáš (referee)
The disturbances are processes, which change the landscape (Bengstsson et al., 2003). In Central European mountains spruce forest, windthrows and subsequent bark beetle (Ips typographus) outbreaks are the most important (Bengstsson et al., 2003; Brůna, 2013; Čada, 2013; Fischer et al., 2002; Matějka, 2013) This scenario was taking place in the study area - the Šumava National Park between 2006 and 2012. The objective was to analyse changes in the land cover caused by the disturbances. The land cover flows were used. The Land cover flows describe changes within land cover types: the area of change from one type into another (Martinez-Fernandez et al., 2015). Layers of the land cover for each year were created; they show the changes mostly in forested landscape. These fourteen-land cover types layers were input into analysis in the Land change modeler for ArcGIS (Clark Labs, 2015). The most important land cover flows were set and further analysis of evaluation in five spatial frames (Physical - geographical typology, Aspect, Elevation, Ecological conditions, Non-intervention and intervention management) were undergone for deeper knowledge about spatial factors of distribution. The Kyrill windthrow in 2007 caused a creation of windfalls (4.73 km2 ), predominantly made from damaged forested area (3.07...
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Methodology approaches to worksheets design for field teaching of geomorphology
Lorencová, Markéta ; Křížek, Marek (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Methodological approaches to worksheets designed for field teaching of geomorphology Abstract The purpose of this work was to determine whether there are rules and relations when it comes to the methodological approaches to worksheets created for fieldwork in natural sciences. Another object was to analyze the potential of Prague for geomorphological fieldwork. 101 worksheets from natural sciences were analyzed in various categories, based on the research of literature. The data was processed even further with the use of statistics. Interesting geomorphological sights in Prague and their potential for fieldwork were defined after the research of scientific literature. The analysis has shown that those not designed for the use during fieldwork were more diverse than those designed for the use during fieldwork. Worksheets used during fieldwork were found to be more homogenic from the perspective of length, number of questions and the participation of components used in the worksheet. Several locations suitable for geomorphological...
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Changes in spatial extent of dwarf pine stands in the Krkonoše Mts.
Bernhäuserová, Veronika ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Since alpine and subalpine plant communities including shrubs are sensitive to climate change, they are suitable to study the recent climate change. Dwarf pine (Pinus mugo) is a shrub widespread above alpine timberlines in the Central and Eastern Europe. In this thesis, I studied changes in cover of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. To analyze spatial changes in the dwarf pine cover, I used a orthorectifications aerial photographs from two different periods 1958/1964 and 2012. I vectorized two areas from the lower limit of dwarf pine distribution and two areas from the upper limit of its distribution. The results did not support previously reported negative relationship between altitude and shrub expansion. Instead, faster expansion was found in the upper limit of the dwarf pine distribution. In addition, I found positive relationship between expansion of dwarf pine cover and initial length of shrub margins. Length of shrub margins seems to be more important for expansion of dwarf pine in the Krkonoše Mts. than altitude. Keywords: dwarf pine (Pinus mugo), expansion, alpine zone, aerial photographs, climate change
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Changes of the natural environment in southern Africa
Píšová, Šárka ; Kliment, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The diverse region of southern Africa is affected by several changes of the natural environment. This thesis characterizes the region of southern Africa and evaluates the state and development of these natural conditions and environmental problems in four main categories of physical geography - climate, vegetation, soils and water. A literature review is compiled and processed focusing on studies by field experts, which describe the main issues in these categories. Particular problems which the region encounters are described on a global, regional and local scale. The main problems are: changes in temperature and precipitation, land cover change, deforestation, desertification, threats to biodiversity, soil erosion and water availability. Overall, changes of the natural environment in southern Africa are caused by climate change and anthropogenic activity. However, human activities cause a greater impact as a result of their "indirect influence" on climate conditions and "direct influence" on vegetation conditions. Key words: Africa, southern Africa, natural environment, climate, vegetation, soils, water
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Recent shifts of alpine treeline ecotone in temperate and boreal part of Northern Hemisphere
Kolařík, Petr ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
Treeline advance is often cited as one of the effects of the global climate change, especially the rise of mean temperatures. However, treeline dynamics is a complex issue. This thesis aims to describe factors that determine the position and dynamics of the alpine treeline and create an overview of treeline dynamics in the temperate and boreal parts of the Northern Hemisphere outside of Europe. A further goal is to create a database of treeline advance at locations in this region and then analyze this database. Of the 20 studied locations, 65 % showed treeline advance while treeline receded at only two locations. The highest rate of advance was recorded in the Rocky Mountains of North Americe, up to 1.59 m/yr. The highest rate of recession was recorded in the San Francisco Peaks, also in North America, where a recession of 1.21 m/yr was recorded. A statistical analysys showed no significant correlation between temperature trends and treeline advance. Locations that had undrgone a change in land use showed both the highest rate of advance and recession. It appears that anthrpogenic activity is an importnant factor influencing the dynamics of alpine treelines.
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Geoinformatic applications in landscape genetics
Mráz, Jakub ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This Bachelor thesis shows elementary methods used in landscape genetics. Landscape genetics is a combine field of population genetics and landscape ecology. This field of study uses geoinformatic and statistic methods and methods of its mother fields. Here, the genetic methods from population genetics, will not be shown. This thesis is concern by the methods that are applied in study of the population boundaries and connectivity between populations. History and paradigm of both landscape genetics and Geoninformatic methods are also mentioned, for easier understanding of context. Lastly, most methods here are listed with Geoinformatic systems (GIS), which are computer programs, capable of using these methods and apply them on needed projects. Keywords: GIS, Landscape Genetics, Landscape Ecology, Connectivity, Least-cost path, Circuit theory
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Landscape permeability in context of it's fragmentation by traffic and suburbanization
Štambergová, Barbora ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
Landscape permeability is currently significantly decreasing mainly due to anthropogenic barriers - transportation infrastructure and sub/urban development. The construction of these barriers has various environmental impacts on animals that differ among taxa. Ensuring a certain degree of permeability of the landscape is crucial for the survival of many species of organisms. Effective tools for the planning protection and restoration of the permeability of the landscape are series of models, whose theoretical framework and practical use are described in this thesis. The practical part deals with the modeling of changes in landscape permeability in the southern hinterlands of Prague. The effectiveness of the implemeted mitigation measures is also evaluated. Keywords: landscape fragmentation, landscape permeability, ecoducts, mitigation measures, suburbanization
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