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Codes of Ethics in the Ligth of Current Interpreting Practice
Jirkovská, Markéta ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The topic of the present thesis is professional ethics in interpreting. The thesis consists of two main parts - a theoretical part and empirical research. The theoretical part first defines ethics in terms of philosophy and introduces some key subject- related concepts. Subsequently, it focuses on professional ethics and characterizes the main documents that set out desirable standards of conduct within a certain profession - codes of ethics and codes of conduct. This general introduction is then followed by an overview of research into ethics in interpreting studies, and a brief outline of the history of codes of ethics for interpreters. The following chapters discuss ethical challenges in different interpreting settings and briefly introduce major Czech and foreign professional organizations of interpreters. The core of the theoretical part compares ten selected codes of ethics of different Czech and international professional interpreters organizations; based on this comparison, basic rights and obligations of interpreters are identified and further analysed in the empirical part. The empirical part of the thesis presents and discusses the results of a questionnaire survey focusing on selected topics of interpreting ethics discussed in the theoretical part. The aim of the survey, which was...
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Interpreting skills development
Rambousková, Hana ; Timarová, Šárka (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The present thesis addresses the issue of the impact of two independent variables - speech rate and interpreters' experience - on the length of time lag in simultaneous interpreting from English to Czech. Time lag, or ear-voice-span (EVS), in simultaneous interpreting is the time difference between the input in source language and the output in target language. The study comprises of two parts. The first, theoretical part summarises the current state of research on the subject. The second, empirical part compares the average EVS in excerpts of sixty simultaneous interpreting renditions uttered by forty-nine subjects divided into two speech rate categories and three experiential categories. The aim is to find out, firstly, whether there are any differences in EVS length based on speech rate, and, secondly, how the interpreters' level of experience influences their EVS length. The first main finding is that a higher speech rate leads, on average, to a shorter EVS than an optimal speech rate; this does not, however, apply in the case of professional interpreters - their EVS length is not affected by speech rate. The second main finding is that the interpreters' level of experience influences EVS length significantly: the more experienced the subjects, the shorter their EVS on average. While evaluating...
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The role of community interpreter working for non-profit organisations in the field of migration - case study
Vávrová, Kateřina ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
This thesis deals with the communication between primary school representatives, foreign students and their parents. Our primary focus is the use of professional community interpreting and child language brokering for this purpose. In the theoretical part of our paper we firstly describe migration in the Czech Republic and then introduce the two main points of interest: community interpreting and child language brokering with a focus on the school setting. The empirical part of this study presents the results of our research, that was conveyed as a case study. Our aim was to analyze how certain primary schools in Prague communicate with students and parents who do not speak Czech; to what extent they use community interpreters and what is their opinion on the role of interpreter at school and on this service in general. We also asked the schools whether and how often they request the foreign students to act as interpreters and to what extent they feel this solution is acceptable in various situations. In order to obtain a comprehensive view, we conveyed a similar survey among community interpreters. We discovered that community interpreting is not a common solution in overcoming language barriers in the selected schools. Even though they perceive this service in a positive way, they struggle with...
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Multilingual communication and quality of interpreter-mediated interaction in healthcare setttings in public and private hospitals in Prague
Kostelníková, Dita ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The thesis focuses on multilingual communication in healthcare centres in Prague. One of its main objectives is to compare and contrast the situation in the public- and the private sector. The theoretical part of the thesis presents interpreting in healthcare settings as one of the most important and most frequent types of community interpreting. The authors focus mainly on the current state of research in diverse world regions, and subsequently analyse the specific aspects of interpreting situations in the setting in question. An integral constituent of the theoretical part of the thesis is a global overview of the current situation in terms of quantity of foreign patients in Prague hospitals, including selected relevant demographic data. In conclusion of the theoretical part, the authors briefly elaborate on the phenomenon of medical tourism. The empirical part of the thesis is based on a questionnaire survey carried out among hospital employees in Prague, the aim of which was to analyse the current situation in terms of communication with foreign country nationals and to compare and contrast the public- and the private sector in this respect. The main focus of the research is to find out how the respondents perceive the situation and whether they are satisfied with it and to what extent this is...
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Telephone Intepreting in a Large Global Company
Matějka, Václav ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is an empirical study outlying how telephone interpretation is used in a large global company. The theoretical section provides a comprehensive insight into telephone interpretation, covering its history and presence, describing various settings in which it is used and pointing out its specifics. It tackles issues of quality and reports on contentious approaches of various scholars and professionals. The practical section describes how the company Ariba uses telephone interpretation in order to facilitate communication with its customers. Analyzing 73 authentic telephone calls from this company, the author investigates English-French, English-German and English-Spanish telephone interpretation and verifies five hypotheses pertaining to it, namely the use of the 3rd person singular, audio quality, stability of connection, situational context and customer satisfaction.
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Stress Management in Conference Interpreting
Přibylová, Marie ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The present thesis focuses on stress management in conference interpreting. It explains the biological purpose of stress, stressors - aspects inducing a stress reaction, and the physiological, behavioral, emotional and cognitive symptoms and effects. Special attention is paid to occupational stress, namely in relation to interpreting, to the requirements on an interpreter's personality, and to stressors interpreters generally face. The thesis presents a detailed dscription of stress management- and coping styles, strategies and techniques. The empirical part explores the positive and negative expectations of interpreting students in the earliest stage of their studies in terms of stress, and aims at discovering whether students of interpreting as well as professional interpreters consider interpreting a stressful activity, whether they feel that stress management- and coping strategies and techniques should constitute an integral part of interpreter training, and whether this is or is not the case. The research concerned university institutes and departments of selected universities in the Czech Republic and abroad. On the basis of the outcomes of this research recommendations for practice concerning stress management, especially in terms of interpreter training, are outlined. Keywords: stress,...
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Daniel Gile's effort model in simultaneous interpreting
Tauchmanová, Jana ; Rejšková, Jana (advisor) ; Čeňková, Ivana (referee)
6 Summary Simultaneous interpreting is a very complex cognitive process. Daniel Gile's Effort Model is an attempt to describe in a schematic way the various competing processes that simultaneous interpreting is composed of. The model is based on findings from cognitive psychology, especially those relating to working memory and the limited processing capacity of the human mind. It defines the process of simultaneous interpreting as a combination of three individual, yet coinciding efforts (the Listening and Analysis Effort, the Production Effort, the Memory Effort), which require a certain amount of processing capacity to assure quality interpreting performance. Problem triggers can cause saturation of the interpreter's processing capacity to occur. Saturation manifests itself either by failure sequences or by the deterioration of the interpreter's performance, immediately or at a distance. The focus of our thesis is on processing capacity saturation due to numbers in simultaneous interpreting, from the point of view of the Effort Model. The first part of our paper is theoretical and deals with the various aspects of the simultaneous interpreting process, especially those relating to processing capacity, saturation and working memory; as well as with questions of well-known problem triggers, interpreting...
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The Development of Interpreting in Scandinavia
Pišvejc, David ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The thesis portrays Scandinavia, from the perspective of interpreting, as a fairly homogeneous unit. The countries that make up this part of Europe share the same historical, cultural, and political background, which is reflected in the region's development of, and current approach to, interpreting. Although originally very uniform in their demography, since the mid 20th century, the Nordic countries have become a final destination for immigrants from all over the world. This new reality focused attention on community interpreting. It is stipulated by the countries' laws that community interpreters must be used in certain situations. Chapter 2 looks at the development of interpreting in the largest of the Nordic countries, Sweden. Early interpreter training, organized from the late 1960s by community colleges, specialised in community interpreting. Today, this type of interpreting is taught in community colleges all over the country. The central interpreting research institution in Sweden, the Institute for Interpretation and Translation Studies at Stockholm University, is the only institution that provides courses in conference interpreting. Sweden lacks a single register of interpreters and there is no regulation of interpreting agencies. Chapter 3 describes the development of interpreting in...
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Interpreting models in PRC
Aguas Maisels, Sebastian ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to outline the development and current situation of the interpreting profession in China. It places particular emphasis on interpreter training at chinese universities, interpreters accreditations, professional organizations and the formation of interpreting theory and training as an autonomous discipline. The beginnings of the conference interpreting profession in China date back to 1979, when the UN Training Programme for Interpreters and Translators was launched. In 1994 this programme was transformed into the Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation at the Beijing Foreign Studies University, which became the first interpreter training institution in China. In 2006 the first three universities launched a BA in Translation and Interpreting (BTI). In 2007 fifteen universities started offering anew Master's programme in Translation and Interpreting (MTI). Currently, the number of universities offering BTI has more than doubled and the number of universities offering MTI has reached 150. Several universities offer also PhD programmes in interpreting studies. Interpreting studies are gradually developing into an autonomous discipline in China and monographs of representative Chinese researchers, e.g. Liu Heping, Bao Gang or Wang Binhua, attest to it. Most of Chinese...
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Telephone interpreting
Perníková, Michaela ; Čeňková, Ivana (advisor) ; Rejšková, Jana (referee)
While telephone interpreting is very well established on the foreign market, in the Czech Republic it is still quite unknown and not very much used. Foreign companies that provide telephone interpreting have sophisticated systems to chose, train and assess interpreters and to connect them promptly with clients. This type of interpreting is being employed in various areas of human activity - in healthcare, in communication with service providers, such as banks, at courts, during police interrogations, in the private sector, where business partners need to communicate with each other, etc. Telephone interpreting is still seeking its position on the Czech market - the service is offered and provided by agencies, clients, however, are not interested. In its first part, the present thesis explores the theory and present-day situation of telephone interpreting. Telephone interpreting is defined in the contexts of remote, dialogue and community interpreting; the foreign market is described, as well as the areas where over the phone interpreting is mainly employed. The conducted research focuses on the USA, where the telephone interpreting market is developed the most. The empirical part of the thesis draws on a survey carried out among translation agencies, hospitals, nongovernmental organizations and...
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