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Review of the decision on administrative infraction
Švorčiková, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Prášková, Helena (advisor)
Bez názvu Právní řád umožňuje přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku různými prostředky. Celkově považuji právní úpravu přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku za dostatečnou, nikoliv však plně vyhovující, s výhradami uvedenými v jednotlivých kapitolách. Nedostatky spočívají v nedodržení základních zásad charakteristických pro přestupky, resp. nutnosti jejich aplikace v obecném řízení. V diplomové práci jsem uvedla postupy správních orgánů, příp. soudů při přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku, rozsah přezkoumávání a možnosti rozhodnutí o přezkoumávání. Veřejná správa by především sama měla odstranit svá nezákonná, příp. nesprávná rozhodnutí. Proto je nejprve nutná kontrola v samotném správním řízení a i následné přezkoumávání před soudem může nastat pouze tehdy, pokud proběhlo správní řízení o přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku. Obecným opravným prostředkem je odvolání, upravené ve správním řádu s jednotlivými speciálním ustanoveními v přestupkovém zákoně. Na základě správního řádu zkoumá odvolací orgán správnost rozhodnutí pouze v rozsahu uplatňovaných námitek. Vzhledem ke specifické úpravě přestupků, kdy je správním orgánům umožněno ve velkém rozsahu rozhodovat na základě správního uvážení, by mělo být posíleno postavení účastníka řízení úplným revizním principem, a to zejména tehdy, kdy už mu žádný opravný...
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Expropriation of buildings and land
Schweiner, Petr ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Resume This work deal with Expropriation of buildings and land in Czech Republic. Main part of this work is dealing with the new Expropriation Act, which became effective from 1 January 2007, but not only, because this act is one of several act, where expropriation is regulated. More important regulation is included inthe Czech Bill of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, where is determined constitutional principles of Expropriation and limitation of property rights. These conditions are: "in public interest under the rule of law and with compensation." These constitutional principles are specificated in the Czech Civil Code and expropriation act. Very important for Czech regulation are international documents for example the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms from 1950. Specially the First Protocol to the European Convention, signed in Paris in 1952, includes the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possesion in the Article 1. Third chapter is dealing with definition of expropriation: "taking out property by public authority." Legal definition of this term is in expropriation act where is used as legal abbreviation for expropriation and limitation of property. There is text about land and Constructions for example what is land and what is not land according to...
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Principles of criminal law in proceedings on administrative transgressions
Lomozová, Petra ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
RESUMÉ Petra Lomozová: Principles of Criminal Justice in the Proceedings on Minor Offences This paper addresses to basic principles of criminal proceedings as expressed in § 2 of the Czech Code of Criminal Procedure. It seeks to find out the scope in which these principles apply to the proceedings ruled by the Act on Minor Offences, which is part of Czech aministrative law. The distinction between criminal offences and administrative offences has a long tradition in Czech and Austrian law. The criminal offences are essentially part of criminal law and underlie the jurisdiction of courts, while the proceedings on administrative offences, including the minor offences, are led by public authorities. However, this distinction doesn't rely upon firm and definite theoretical foundations and is managed differently in different European countries. That's why the Czech courts use to emphasize, that the basic principles, which apply to criminal proceedings, should also be applicable to proceedings on administrative offences. The question is treated with regard to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This Article guarantees the right to a fair hearing to everyone charged with a criminal offence. "Charge" as well as "criminal offence" have to be understood in their autonomous meaning which differ from...
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Administrative delicts of legal entities
Kareta, Jan ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
72 10. Resumé Liability of legal entities is a actual issue which is broadly discussed not only in the Czech republic in the connection with criminal law reform but in the whole Europe. According to the international treaties and also as a result of internal interest each state has to find its way to be able to impose effective and deterring sanctions towards legal entities in the the case of breach of public law. This thesis describes the Czech system of public liability of legal entities which lies within the administrative branch of law, its difficulies and suggests how it could be partialy improved. Current state of the law of liability of legal entities suffers from numerous imperfections, defects and from the absence of general arrangement. The most important challenge which lies before the Czech legislatives is to deside if the public law liability of legal entities stays within the reach of the administrative law and will be just altered and impoved partialy or if it shifts to the penal law. This question is very hard to respond, because the traditional continental criminal law is on one hand based on the principle "societas delinquere non potest", which means that the legal entity is not able to possess a guilty state of mind (or mind at all) and on the other hand it is based on the principle of...
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